Regulation of lipid homeostasis by the TBC protein dTBC1D22 via modulation of the small GTPase Rab40 to facilitate lipophagy

Cell Rep. 2021 Aug 31;36(9):109541. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109541.

Abstract

The regulation of lipid homeostasis is not well understood. Using forward genetic screening, we demonstrate that the loss of dTBC1D22, an essential gene that encodes a Tre2-Bub2-Cdc16 (TBC) domain-containing protein, results in lipid droplet accumulation in multiple tissues. We observe that dTBC1D22 interacts with Rab40 and exhibits GTPase activating protein (GAP) activity. Overexpression of either the GTP- or GDP-binding-mimic form of Rab40 results in lipid droplet accumulation. We observe that Rab40 mutant flies are defective in lipid mobilization. The lipid depletion induced by overexpression of Brummer, a triglyceride lipase, is dependent on Rab40. Rab40 mutant flies exhibit decreased lipophagy and small size of autolysosomal structures, which may be due to the defective Golgi functions. Finally, we demonstrate that Rab40 physically interacts with Lamp1, and Rab40 is required for the distribution of Lamp1 during starvation. We propose that dTBC1D22 functions as a GAP for Rab40 to regulate lipophagy.

Keywords: Drosophila; GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs); Golgi; Rab GTPase; Rab40; TBC domain-containing protein; autophagy; lipophagy; lysosome.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Animals, Genetically Modified
  • Autophagy*
  • Drosophila Proteins / genetics
  • Drosophila Proteins / metabolism*
  • Drosophila melanogaster / genetics
  • Drosophila melanogaster / metabolism*
  • Drosophila melanogaster / ultrastructure
  • Eye / metabolism*
  • Eye / ultrastructure
  • GTPase-Activating Proteins / genetics
  • GTPase-Activating Proteins / metabolism*
  • Golgi Apparatus / genetics
  • Golgi Apparatus / metabolism
  • Golgi Apparatus / ultrastructure
  • HeLa Cells
  • Homeostasis
  • Humans
  • Lipase / genetics
  • Lipase / metabolism
  • Lipid Droplets / metabolism
  • Lipid Metabolism*
  • Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1 / genetics
  • Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1 / metabolism
  • Lysosomes / genetics
  • Lysosomes / metabolism
  • Lysosomes / ultrastructure
  • Mutation
  • rab GTP-Binding Proteins / genetics
  • rab GTP-Binding Proteins / metabolism*

Substances

  • Drosophila Proteins
  • GTPase-Activating Proteins
  • Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1
  • TBC1D22 protein, Drosophila
  • Lipase
  • BMM protein, Drosophila
  • Rab40 protein, Drosophila
  • rab GTP-Binding Proteins