Immune Sexual Dimorphism: Connecting the Dots

Physiology (Bethesda). 2022 Mar 1;37(2):55-68. doi: 10.1152/physiol.00006.2021. Epub 2021 Sep 13.

Abstract

Despite numerous studies of immune sexual dimorphism, sexual differences are not rigorously mapped and dimorphic mechanisms are incompletely understood. Current immune research typically studies sex differences in specific cells, tissues, or diseases but without providing an integrated picture. To connect the dots, we suggest comprehensive research approaches to better our understanding of immune sexual dimorphism and its mechanisms.

Keywords: immune system; sexual dimorphism.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Sex Characteristics*