Abstract
In this essay, we show that 3 distinct approaches to immunological exhaustion coexist and that they only partially overlap, generating potential misunderstandings. Exploring cases ranging from viral infections to cancer, we propose that it is crucial, for experimental and therapeutic purposes, to clarify these approaches and their interconnections so as to make the concept of exhaustion genuinely operational.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Humans
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Immune System Phenomena*
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T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
Grants and funding
This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme - grant agreement n° 637647 – IDEM (TP). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.