Reference intervals for end-tidal carbon monoxide of preterm neonates

J Perinatol. 2022 Jan;42(1):116-120. doi: 10.1038/s41372-021-01207-2. Epub 2021 Sep 23.

Abstract

Objectives: We constructed reference intervals for end-tidal carbon monoxide (ETCOc) levels of neonates 28 0/7 to 34 6/7 weeks gestation in order to assess hemolytic rate.

Study design: This is a prospective four-NICU study in Bangkok, Thailand, and Utah, USA.

Results: Of 226 attempted measurements, 92% were successful. Values from day 1 through 28 were charted and upper (>95th percentile) reference interval limits calculated. During the entire 28 days, the ETCOc upper reference intervals from babies in Bangkok were higher than those in Utah (p < 0.01). No differences were found due to sex, or earliest vs. latest gestation at birth (both p > 0.1). Similar to term neonates, preterm neonates in Bangkok and Utah had higher ETCOc values during the first 48 h after birth than thereafter (p < 0.01).

Conclusions: Using this methodology, and the reference interval chart, the hemolytic rate of preterm infants ≥28 weeks can be assessed.

MeSH terms

  • Breath Tests
  • Carbon Monoxide* / analysis
  • Female
  • Hemolysis
  • Humans
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Infant, Premature*
  • Pregnancy
  • Prospective Studies
  • Reference Values
  • Thailand

Substances

  • Carbon Monoxide