Inflammatory biomarkers to predict postoperative infectious complications after cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC for peritoneal carcinomatosis

Eur J Surg Oncol. 2022 Feb;48(2):455-461. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2021.09.015. Epub 2021 Sep 21.

Abstract

Background: Early detection of postoperative infectious complications (IC) is crucial after Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive role of early postoperative inflammatory biomarkers level for the detection of postoperative IC.

Methods: a retrospective study was performed including 199 patients treated with complete CRS/HIPEC for PC from various primary origins from September 2012 to January 2021. Patients were monitored by a routine measurement of inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, neutrophile-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelets-to-lymphocyte ratio). Inflammatory biomarkers were compared between patients with vs without IC.

Results: IC occurred for 68 patients (34.2%). CRP values were significantly higher in patients with IC on POD 3, 5 and 7 (CRP = 166 mg/L [128-244], 155 mg/L [102-222] and 207 mg/L [135-259], respectively). The CRP on POD7, with a cut-off value of 100 mg/L, was an excellent predictor of postoperative IC (AUC = 90.1%). The CRP on POD 5, with a cut-off value of 90 mg/L, was a good predictor of postoperative IC (AUC = 83.2%). NLR values were significantly higher in patients with IC on POD 3, 5 and 7. NLR on POD 5 and 7 higher than 9.7 and 6.3, respectively, were fair predictors (AUC = 70.8 and 79.6, respectively).

Conclusion: CRP levels between POD3 and 7 are the best predictors of postoperative IC after CRS/HIPEC. The presence of postoperative IC should be suspected in patients with CRP higher than 140 mg/L, 90 mg/L or 100 mg/L on PODs 3, 5 or 7.

Keywords: Cytoreductive surgery; Inflammatory biomarkers; Postoperative complications; Prediction.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Appendiceal Neoplasms / pathology
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Biomarkers / metabolism
  • C-Reactive Protein / metabolism
  • Carcinoma / surgery*
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / pathology
  • Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy*
  • Inflammation / blood*
  • Inflammation / metabolism
  • Intestinal Neoplasms / pathology
  • Leukocyte Count
  • Lymphocyte Count
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neutrophils
  • Ovarian Neoplasms / pathology
  • Peritoneal Neoplasms / secondary
  • Peritoneal Neoplasms / therapy*
  • Platelet Count
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Stomach Neoplasms / pathology
  • Surgical Wound Infection / blood*
  • Surgical Wound Infection / diagnosis

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • C-Reactive Protein