Objective: To investigate the incidences and risk factors of poor hematopoietic reconstitution (PHR) in patients with hematological diseases who underwent haploidentical allograft and were treated with rituximab for desensitization. Methods: Eight-three donor specific anti-HLA antibody (DSA, 2000 ≤MFI<10 000) positive patients who underwent haploidentical allograft were prospectively enrolled. Rituximab (375 mg/m2) was used for desensitization day-3 of conditioning regimen. Incidence and factors associated with PHR, including primary poor graft function and prolonged thrombocytopenia, were investigated. Results: There were 22 males and 61 females with a median age of 39(range: 1-65) years. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the 100 day cumulative incidences of neutrophil and platelet engraftment were 93.0% and 90.7%, respectively. The incidences of PHR were 14.7%. The 3-year relapse rate, non-relapse mortality (NRM) rate, event-free survival (EFS), leukemia-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were 6.5%, 15.1%, 70.8%, 79.4% and 79.4%, respectively. Patients with DSA MFI<5 000 (group A, n=46) experienced lower PHR (4.4% vs. 27.5%, P=0.003), and higher 3-year EFS (79.5% vs. 59.8%, P=0.020) compared to those with DSA MFI≥5 000 (group B, n=37). Multivariate analysis showed that DSA MFI≥5 000 was correlated with PHR (HR=6.101, P=0.021). PHR was associated with higher NRM (HR=4.110, P=0.026), lower DFS (HR=3.656, P=0.019) and OS (HR=3.656, P=0.019). Conclusion: Our data suggest that high pre-transplant DSA level is a risk factor for PHR in patients with hematological diseases receiving haploidentical allograft and rituximab for desensitization.
目的： 探讨接受利妥昔单抗去敏治疗的单倍型相合造血干细胞移植（Haplo-SCT）患者体内供者特异性抗人类白细胞抗原抗体（DSA）对造血重建不良（PHR）的影响。 方法： 前瞻性入组2015年5月至2020年2月在北京大学人民医院接受Haplo-SCT、移植前DSA阳性［2 000 ≤平均荧光强度（MFI）<10 000］的血液病患者83例，预处理-3 d给予利妥昔单抗375 mg/m2，分析移植后PHR（包括原发植入不良和持续性血小板减少）的发生率和危险因素。 结果： 83例患者中男性22例、女性61例，中位年龄39（1~65）岁；应用Kaplan-Meier曲线方法分析显示100 d中性粒细胞和血小板植入率分别为93.0%和90.7%，PHR的发生率为14.7%，3年累计复发率、非复发死亡（NRM）、无事件生存率（EFS）、无病生存（DFS）和总生存（OS）分别为6.5%、15.1%、70.8%、79.4%和79.4%。DSA MFI<5 000患者（A组，46例）的PHR（4.4%比27.5%，P=0.003）发生率显著低于DSA MFI≥5000的患者（B组，37例）；A组患者3年EFS显著高于B组（79.5%比59.8%，P=0.020）。多因素分析显示DSA MFI≥5 000是PHR高发生率的影响因素（HR=6.101，P=0.021）；PHR是高NRM（HR=4.110，P=0.026）、低DFS（HR=3.656，P=0.019）和OS（HR=3.656，P=0.019）的影响因素。 结论： Haplo-SCT前DSA水平是接受利妥昔单抗去敏治疗患者移植后PHR发生的高危因素。.