Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to portal hypertension in children: What is the best timing of endoscopy?

Dig Liver Dis. 2022 Jan;54(1):63-68. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.09.010. Epub 2021 Oct 5.

Abstract

Objective: To compare initial clinical/laboratory parameters and outcomes of mortality/rebleeding of endoscopy performed <12 h(early UGIE) versus endoscopy performed after 12-24h(late UGIE) of ED admission in children with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding(AUGIB) due to portal hypertension.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. From January 2010 to July 2017, medical records of all children admitted to a tertiary care hospital with AUGIB due to portal hypertension were reviewed until 60 days after ED admission.

Results: A total of 98 ED admissions occurred from 73 patients. Rebleeding was identified in 8/98(8%) episodes, and 9 deaths were observed. UGIE was performed in 92(94%) episodes, and 53(58%) of them occurred within 12 h of ED admission. Episodes with early UGIE and late UGIE were similar in terms of history/complaints/laboratory data at admission, chronic liver disease associated, AUGIB duration, and initial management. No statistically significant associations were found between early UGIE and the outcomes of death/rebleeding and prevalence of endoscopic hemostatic treatment (band ligation or sclerotherapy) compared to late UGIE. In the multivariable logistic regression model, the endoscopic hemostatic treatment showed a negative association with early UGIE(OR=0.33;95%CI=0.1-0.9;p = 0.04).

Conclusions: This study suggests that in pediatric patients with AUGIB and portal hypertension, UGIE may be performed after 12-24 h without harm to the patient, facilitating better initial clinical stabilization/treatment and optimization of resources.

Keywords: Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding; Children and adolescent; Endoscopy timing; Portal hypertension.

MeSH terms

  • Acute Disease
  • Adolescent
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Emergency Service, Hospital / statistics & numerical data
  • Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / mortality
  • Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / statistics & numerical data*
  • Female
  • Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / etiology
  • Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / mortality
  • Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / surgery*
  • Humans
  • Hypertension, Portal / complications
  • Hypertension, Portal / mortality
  • Hypertension, Portal / surgery*
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Patient Admission / statistics & numerical data
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Time Factors*
  • Time-to-Treatment / statistics & numerical data*
  • Treatment Outcome