We analyzed the growth dynamic and bolting rate of Angelica sinensis, soil quality and enzyme activities and weed density and control effect in a field experiment under different mulching patterns, to provide theoretical basis for the application of plastic film in genuine producing area of A. sinensis. The planting patterns were conducted as hole seeding under ridging with plastic-film mulching (LS), trenching and slant planting under film-side cultivation (MC) and trenching and slant planting in open field (LD). Our results showed that, 1) compared with LD, soil organic matter content in top layer under the treatments of LS and MC was increased by 4.4% and 14.3%, respectively, with that under MC being statistically significant. Soil bulk density was significantly decreased by 11.6% and 8.5%, while pH was significantly decreased by 4.6% and 1.7%. The activities of soil sucrase, phosphatase and urease were significantly increased by the two mulching methods, but that of catalase was inhibited to a certain extent. 2) Mulching film improved the speed of returning green after transplanting, the early bolting rate, and the individual medicinal quality of A. sinensis. MC showed the fastest, the most uniform, and the highest greening rate. LS bolting rate was the highest, and the fresh mass of MC and LS was significantly increased by 20.4% and 58.4%, respectively. 3) Weed density under the treatment of MC and LS was significantly reduced by 34.0% and 25.8%. Compared with LS, MC significantly increased the control effect of plant and fresh mass by 21.7% and 63.4%, respectively. In conclusion, film cultivation methods could improve the environment for root growth, reduce weed density, improve weed control effect, and promote growth process and substance accumulation, but could promote the bolting of A. sinensis in early phase.
在当归优质产区设置起垄覆膜穴栽(LS)、膜侧开沟斜栽(MC)和露地开沟斜栽(LD)3种种植方式,分析覆膜对移栽当归植株生长动态、抽薹率、土壤特性、酶活性及杂草密度和防效的影响,以期为全面评估优质产区当归覆膜种植技术提供理论基础。结果表明:与LD相比,LS和MC表层土壤有机质含量分别提高了4.4%和14.3%,MC达到显著水平;土壤容重分别显著降低了11.6%和8.5%,土壤pH值显著降低了4.6%和1.7%,两种覆膜方式均显著提高了土壤蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和脲酶活性,但对过氧化氢酶活性有一定的抑制作用。覆膜提高了当归种苗移栽后的返青速度、田间早期抽薹率和药材个体质量。其中,MC返青最快、最整齐,返青率最高;LS抽薹率最高;MC和LS单根药材鲜质量分别比LD显著增加20.4%和58.4%。MC和LS当归田杂草密度分别比LD显著降低了34.0%和25.8%,MC株防效和鲜质量防效分别较LS显著提高21.7%和63.4%。覆膜种植改善了当归根系的生长环境,降低了田间杂草密度,提高了杂草防效,促进了当归生长发育进程和药材物质积累,对种苗移栽后早期抽薹的发生有一定的促进作用。.
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