SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 triggers a consistent cross-variant humoral and cellular response

Emerg Microbes Infect. 2021 Dec;10(1):2235-2243. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2021.2004866.

Abstract

As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to rage worldwide, the emergence of numerous variants of concern (VOC) represents a challenge for the vaccinal protective efficacy and the reliability of commercially available high-throughput immunoassays. Our study demonstrates the administration of two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine that elicited a robust SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response which was assessed up to 3 months after full vaccination in a cohort of 37 health care workers (HCWs). SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody response, evaluated by four commercially available chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIA), was qualitatively consistent with the results provided by the gold-standard in vitro neutralization assay (NTA). However, we could not observe a correlation between the quantity of the antibody detected by CLIA assays and their neutralizing activity tested by NTA. Almost all subjects developed a SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell response. Moreover, vaccinated HCWs developed a similar protective neutralizing antibodies response against the EU (B.1), Alpha (B.1.1.7), Gamma (P.1), and Eta (B.1.525) SARS-CoV-2 variants, while Beta (B.1.351) and Delta (B.1.617.2) strains displayed a consistent partial immune evasion. These results underline the importance of a solid vaccine-elicited immune response and a robust antibody titre. We believe that these relevant results should be taken into consideration in the definition of future vaccinal strategies.

Keywords: Humoral response; SARS-CoV-2 bnt162b2 mRNA vaccine; SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern; T-cell mediated respone.

Publication types

  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing / blood
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing / immunology
  • Antibodies, Viral / blood
  • Antibodies, Viral / immunology
  • BNT162 Vaccine / administration & dosage
  • BNT162 Vaccine / genetics
  • BNT162 Vaccine / immunology*
  • COVID-19 / blood
  • COVID-19 / immunology*
  • COVID-19 / prevention & control*
  • COVID-19 / virology
  • COVID-19 Vaccines / administration & dosage
  • COVID-19 Vaccines / genetics
  • COVID-19 Vaccines / immunology*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Immunity, Cellular
  • Immunity, Humoral
  • Immunoassay
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prospective Studies
  • SARS-CoV-2 / genetics
  • SARS-CoV-2 / immunology*
  • T-Lymphocytes / immunology
  • Vaccination
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Antibodies, Neutralizing
  • Antibodies, Viral
  • COVID-19 Vaccines
  • BNT162 Vaccine

Supplementary concepts

  • SARS-CoV-2 variants