Prior histories of posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression and their onset and course in the three months after a motor vehicle collision in the AURORA study

Jutta Joormann; Hannah N Ziobrowski; Andrew J King; Sarah M Gildea; Sue Lee; Nancy A Sampson; Stacey L House; Francesca L Beaudoin; Xinming An; Jennifer S Stevens; Donglin Zeng; Thomas C Neylan; Gari D Clifford; Sarah D Linnstaedt; Laura T Germine; Kenneth A Bollen; Scott L Rauch; John P Haran; Alan B Storrow; Paul I Musey Jr; Phyllis L Hendry; Sophia Sheikh; Christopher W Jones; Brittany E Punches; Meghan E McGrath; Lauren A Hudak; Jose L Pascual; Mark J Seamon; Anna M Chang; Claire Pearson; David A Peak; Robert M Domeier; Niels K Rathlev; Brian J O'Neil; Leon D Sanchez; Steven E Bruce; Mark W Miller; Robert H Pietrzak; Deanna M Barch; Diego A Pizzagalli; Steven E Harte; James M Elliott; Karestan C Koenen; Samuel A McLean; Ronald C Kessler

doi:10.1002/da.23223

Prior histories of posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression and their onset and course in the three months after a motor vehicle collision in the AURORA study

Depress Anxiety. 2022 Jan;39(1):56-70. doi: 10.1002/da.23223. Epub 2021 Nov 15.

Authors

Jutta Joormann¹, Hannah N Ziobrowski², Andrew J King², Sarah M Gildea², Sue Lee², Nancy A Sampson², Stacey L House³, Francesca L Beaudoin^{4

5

6

7}, Xinming An⁸, Jennifer S Stevens⁹, Donglin Zeng¹⁰, Thomas C Neylan^{11

12}, Gari D Clifford^{13

14}, Sarah D Linnstaedt⁸, Laura T Germine^{15

16

17}, Kenneth A Bollen^{18

19

20}, Scott L Rauch^{16

18

21}, John P Haran²², Alan B Storrow²³, Paul I Musey Jr²⁴, Phyllis L Hendry²⁵, Sophia Sheikh²⁵, Christopher W Jones²⁶, Brittany E Punches^{27

28}, Meghan E McGrath²⁹, Lauren A Hudak³⁰, Jose L Pascual^{31

32

33}, Mark J Seamon^{33

34}, Anna M Chang³⁵, Claire Pearson³⁶, David A Peak³⁷, Robert M Domeier³⁸, Niels K Rathlev³⁹, Brian J O'Neil³⁶, Leon D Sanchez^{40

41}, Steven E Bruce⁴², Mark W Miller^{43

44}, Robert H Pietrzak^{45

46}, Deanna M Barch⁴⁷, Diego A Pizzagalli^{18

48}, Steven E Harte^{49

50}, James M Elliott^{51

52

53

54}, Karestan C Koenen⁵⁵, Samuel A McLean^{8

56}, Ronald C Kessler²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
² Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
³ Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
⁴ Department of Emergency Medicine, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
⁵ Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
⁶ Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
⁷ Department of Emergency Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
⁸ Department of Anesthesiology, Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
⁹ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
¹¹ Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
¹² Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
¹³ Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
¹⁴ Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
¹⁵ Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
¹⁶ Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.
¹⁷ The Many Brains Project, Inc., Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.
¹⁸ Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
¹⁹ Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
²⁰ Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
²¹ Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.
²² Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
²³ Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
²⁴ Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
²⁵ Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
²⁶ Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA.
²⁷ Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
²⁸ College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
²⁹ Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
³⁰ Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
³¹ Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
³² Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
³³ Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
³⁴ Department of Surgery, Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
³⁵ Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
³⁶ Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Massachusetts, USA.
³⁷ Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
³⁸ Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ypsilanti, Michigan, USA.
³⁹ Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA.
⁴⁰ Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
⁴¹ Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
⁴² Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
⁴³ Behavioral Science Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
⁴⁴ Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
⁴⁵ Clinical Neurosciences Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.
⁴⁶ Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
⁴⁷ Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
⁴⁸ Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.
⁴⁹ Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
⁵⁰ Department of Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
⁵¹ Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁵² Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁵³ Allied Health Network, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁵⁴ Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
⁵⁵ Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
⁵⁶ Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

Abstract

Background: A better understanding of the extent to which prior occurrences of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive episode (MDE) predict psychopathological reactions to subsequent traumas might be useful in targeting posttraumatic preventive interventions.

Methods: Data come from 1306 patients presenting to 29 U.S. emergency departments (EDs) after a motor vehicle collision (MVC) in the advancing understanding of recovery after trauma study. Patients completed self-reports in the ED and 2-weeks, 8-weeks, and 3-months post-MVC. Associations of pre-MVC probable PTSD and probable MDE histories with subsequent 3-months post-MVC probable PTSD and probable MDE were examined along with mediation through intervening peritraumatic, 2-, and 8-week disorders.

Results: 27.6% of patients had 3-month post-MVC probable PTSD and/or MDE. Pre-MVC lifetime histories of these disorders were not only significant (relative risk = 2.6-7.4) but were dominant (63.1% population attributable risk proportion [PARP]) predictors of this 3-month outcome, with 46.6% prevalence of the outcome among patients with pre-MVC disorder histories versus 9.9% among those without such histories. The associations of pre-MVC lifetime disorders with the 3-month outcome were mediated largely by 2- and 8-week probable PTSD and MDE (PARP decreasing to 22.8% with controls for these intervening disorders). Decomposition showed that pre-MVC lifetime histories predicted both onset and persistence of these intervening disorders as well as the higher conditional prevalence of the 3-month outcome in the presence of these intervening disorders.

Conclusions: Assessments of pre-MVC PTSD and MDE histories and follow-ups at 2 and 8 weeks could help target early interventions for psychopathological reactions to MVCs.

Keywords: major depression; motor vehicle collision; posttraumatic stress disorder; trauma.

Publication types

Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

Accidents, Traffic
Depression
Depressive Disorder, Major* / epidemiology
Humans
Motor Vehicles
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic* / epidemiology

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding