Enchondroma in the Diaphysis of Tibia - A Case Report and Review of its Characteristics and Differentials in the Diaphysis

Introduction: Enchondroma is a solitary, benign, intramedullary cartilaginous tumor commonly noticed in the phalanges of hands and feet with characteristic radiological features. Its occurrence in aberrant sites with atypical features lead to diagnostic dilemma. Enchondromas which are usually managed non-operatively can mimic other benign and malignant lesions, especially chondrosarcoma.

Case report: We report the case of a 31-year-old farmer who presented with long standing inconspicuous pain in his left leg which turned out to be a diaphyseal enchondroma even though it demonstrated aggressive radiological features mimicking a chondrosarcoma. Incisional biopsy was done from the scalloped areas to obtain the correct histological diagnosis. He underwent thorough curettage of the lesion and remains asymptomatic 2 years after the procedure. We attempt to discuss the differentials which the orthopedic surgeon should keep in mind for diaphyseal lesions mimicking enchondroma.

Conclusion: Though classically found in metaphysis, Enchondromas are not uncommon in diaphysis of long bones. Enchondromas are generally benign, but can cause diagnostic dilemma when they present with aggressive features at rare locations and surgeons should be wary of the differentials. Despite a size of more than 6 cm and evidence of cortical erosion and intramedullary widening, the lesion could still be benign. Early biopsy will help to differentiate Enchondroma from a malignant transformation or malignant tumor.