Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a neuroendocrine tumor with fast progression, high malignancy, easy recurrence, and extremely poor prognosis. In the past 30 years, the clinical treatment strategy of SCLC has been mainly chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but the curative effect is not significant; the current immunotherapy of SCLC has gradually entered the clinic and has made certain progress. Tumor immunotherapy includes immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor vaccines, cytokines, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy (CAR-T) therapy, etc. Currently, immune checkpoint inhibitors are the most widely used. This article summarizes the principles of immune checkpoint inhibitors and related drugs, summarizes their domestic and foreign clinical trials progress in SCLC treatment, reviews the biomarkers used in the therapy, and discusses its future development direction. .
【中文题目：免疫检查点抑制剂在小细胞肺癌治疗中的 应用与临床试验进展】 【中文摘要：小细胞肺癌（small cell lung cancer, SCLC）是一种神经内分泌型肿瘤，病情进展快、恶性程度高、易复发、预后极差。在过去的30余年中，SCLC的临床治疗策略以化疗和放疗为主，但疗效并不显著；当前SCLC的免疫治疗逐渐进入临床，并取得了一定的进展。肿瘤的免疫治疗包括免疫检查点抑制剂、肿瘤疫苗、细胞因子、嵌合抗原受体T细胞免疫疗法（chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy, CAR-T）等，目前以免疫检查点抑制剂的应用最为广泛。本文总结了免疫检查点抑制剂的原理和相关药物，汇总了它们在SCLC治疗中的国内外临床试验进展，综述了该疗法使用的生物标志物，并探讨了其未来发展方向。 】 【中文关键词：肺肿瘤；免疫治疗；免疫检查点抑制剂；临床试验进展；生物标志物】.
Keywords: Biomarkers; Clinical trial progress; Immune checkpoint inhibitors; Immunotherapy; Lung neoplasms.