Is there enough evidence available nowadays to suggest a paradigmatic shift in treatment of MIBC with perioperative systemic therapy administration?

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Maternal-Infant and Urological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy - [email protected].
• ² Department of Urology, Stanford Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA - [email protected].
• ³ Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
• ⁴ Unit of Oncologic Minimally-Invasive Urology and Andrology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
• ⁵ Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences and Urology, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy.
• ⁶ Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wroclaw, Poland.
• ⁷ Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Urology, Urological Research Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.