Correlation Between Cerebral Tissue Oxygen Saturation and Oxygen Extraction Fraction During Anesthesia: Monitoring Cerebral Metabolic Demand-supply Balance During Vasopressor Administration

J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2023 Apr 1;35(2):238-242. doi: 10.1097/ANA.0000000000000822. Epub 2021 Dec 2.

Abstract

Background: The speculation that cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (SctO 2 ) measured using tissue near-infrared spectroscopy reflects the balance between cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen and cerebral oxygen delivery has not been validated. Our objective was to correlate SctO 2 with cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) measured using positron emission tomography; OEF is the ratio between cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen and cerebral oxygen delivery and reflects the balance between these 2 variables.

Materials and methods: This cohort study was based on data collected in a previously published trial assessing phenylephrine versus ephedrine treatment in anesthetized patients undergoing brain tumor surgery. The variables of interest were measured twice over the healthy hemisphere before surgery: the first measurement performed after anesthesia induction and the second measurement performed after induction of a ∼20% increase in blood pressure using either phenylephrine or ephedrine.

Results: Data from 24 patients were analyzed. The overall vasopressor-induced relative changes in SctO 2 (ΔSctO 2 ) and OEF (ΔOEF) were 3.16% [interquartile range, -0.73% to 6.04%] and -12.5% [interquartile range, -24.0% to -6.19%], respectively. ΔSctO 2 negatively correlated with ΔOEF after phenylephrine treatment (Spearman rank correlation coefficient [ rs ]=-0.76; P =0.007), ephedrine treatment ( rs =-0.76; P =0.006), and any treatment ( rs =-0.79; P <0.001). ΔSctO 2 significantly associated with ΔOEF based on multivariable analysis with ΔOEF, relative changes in mean arterial pressure, arterial blood oxygen tension, and the bispectral index as covariates ( P =0.036).

Conclusions: The negative correlation between changes in SctO 2 and OEF suggests that SctO 2 may reflect the cerebral metabolic demand-supply balance during vasopressor treatment. The generalizability of our findings in other clinical scenarios remains to be determined.

MeSH terms

  • Anesthesia, General
  • Cerebrovascular Circulation / physiology
  • Cohort Studies
  • Ephedrine* / pharmacology
  • Ephedrine* / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Oxygen Saturation
  • Oxygen*
  • Phenylephrine / pharmacology
  • Phenylephrine / therapeutic use
  • Vasoconstrictor Agents / pharmacology

Substances

  • Oxygen
  • Ephedrine
  • Vasoconstrictor Agents
  • Phenylephrine