Abstract
The innate and acquired immune response induced by a commercial inactivated vaccine against Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) and protection conferred against the virus were analyzed in cattle. Vaccination induced high levels of BoHV-1 antibodies at 30, 60, and 90 days post-vaccination (dpv). IgG1 and IgG2 isotypes were detected at 90 dpv, as well as virus-neutralizing antibodies. An increase of anti-BoHV-1 IgG1 in nasal swabs was detected 6 days post-challenge in vaccinated animals. After viral challenge, lower virus excretion and lower clinical score were observed in vaccinated as compared to unvaccinated animals, as well as BoHV-1-specific proliferation of lymphocytes and production of IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-4. Downregulation of the expression of endosome Toll-like receptors 8-9 was detected after booster vaccination. This is the first thorough study of the immunity generated by a commercial vaccine against BoHV-1 in cattle.
Keywords:
Bovine Herpesvirus type 1; Immune response; Inactivated vaccine; Toll-like receptor.
Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Adaptive Immunity / drug effects
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Animals
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Antibodies, Neutralizing / biosynthesis*
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Antibodies, Viral
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Cattle
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Cell Proliferation
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Endosomes / immunology
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Endosomes / metabolism
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Gene Expression
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Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / immunology*
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Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / pathogenicity
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Herpesvirus Vaccines / administration & dosage*
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Immunity, Innate / drug effects
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Immunization, Secondary / methods
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Immunoglobulin G / biosynthesis*
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Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis / genetics
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Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis / immunology
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Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis / prevention & control*
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Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis / virology
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Interferon-gamma / genetics
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Interferon-gamma / immunology
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Interleukin-4 / genetics
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Interleukin-4 / immunology
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Lymphocytes / immunology
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Lymphocytes / virology
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Male
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Nasal Cavity / immunology
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Nasal Cavity / virology
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Toll-Like Receptor 8 / agonists
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Toll-Like Receptor 8 / genetics
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Toll-Like Receptor 8 / immunology*
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Toll-Like Receptor 9 / agonists
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Toll-Like Receptor 9 / genetics
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Toll-Like Receptor 9 / immunology*
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / genetics
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / immunology
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Vaccination / methods
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Vaccines, Inactivated
Substances
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Antibodies, Neutralizing
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Antibodies, Viral
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Herpesvirus Vaccines
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Immunoglobulin G
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Toll-Like Receptor 8
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Toll-Like Receptor 9
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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Vaccines, Inactivated
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Interleukin-4
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Interferon-gamma