Extensively Drug-Resistant Typhoid Fever in the United States

Michael J Hughes; Meseret G Birhane; Layne Dorough; Jared L Reynolds; Hayat Caidi; Kaitlin A Tagg; Caroline M Snyder; Alexander T Yu; Shana M Altman; Michelle M Boyle; Deepam Thomas; Amy E Robbins; HaeNa A Waechter; Irina Cody; Eric D Mintz; Bruce Gutelius; Gayle Langley; Louise K Francois Watkins

doi:10.1093/ofid/ofab572

Extensively Drug-Resistant Typhoid Fever in the United States

Open Forum Infect Dis. 2021 Nov 16;8(12):ofab572. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofab572. eCollection 2021 Dec.

Authors

Michael J Hughes¹, Meseret G Birhane¹, Layne Dorough^{1

2}, Jared L Reynolds¹, Hayat Caidi¹, Kaitlin A Tagg^{1

3}, Caroline M Snyder^{1

2}, Alexander T Yu⁴, Shana M Altman⁵, Michelle M Boyle⁶, Deepam Thomas⁷, Amy E Robbins⁸, HaeNa A Waechter⁹, Irina Cody¹⁰, Eric D Mintz¹, Bruce Gutelius¹, Gayle Langley¹, Louise K Francois Watkins¹

Affiliations

¹ Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
² Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.
³ WDS, Inc., Decatur, Georgia, USA.
⁴ Infectious Diseases Branch, Division of Communicable Disease Control, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA.
⁵ Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, Illinois, USA.
⁶ Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
⁷ New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, New Jersey, USA.
⁸ New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA.
⁹ New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA.
¹⁰ Emerging and Acute Infectious Disease Unit, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, Texas, USA.

Abstract

Cases of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid fever have been reported in the United States among patients who did not travel internationally. Clinicians should consider if and where the patient traveled when selecting empiric treatment for typhoid fever. XDR typhoid fever should be treated with a carbapenem, azithromycin, or both.

Keywords: Pakistan; Salmonella Typhi infection; drug resistance; enteric fever; microbial; treatment.

Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America 2021.