Systemic Immune Activation and Responses of Irradiation to Different Metastatic Sites Combined With Immunotherapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Front Immunol. 2021 Dec 14:12:803247. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.803247. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Purpose: Considering the limited data, we aimed to identify the greatest immune activation irradiated site of common metastases and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors simultaneously in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: A total of 136 patients with advanced NSCLC who had received radiation to a primary or metastatic solid tumor were enrolled. We recorded blood cell counts in three time periods, before, during, and after radiotherapy (RT), and derived some blood index ratios including monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). The delta-IBs were calculated as medio-IBs ÷ pre-IBs - 1. We analyzed the changes before and during RT using Spearman rank correlation test, Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test, and logistic regression analyzing their correlation with efficacy.

Results: The medians of delta-MLR and delta-PLR were both the lowest while the median of delta-L was the highest in brain. Therapeutic effect evaluation showed that the objective response rate (ORR) of 48.65% (18/37) in the brain irradiation group was the highest, compared with 17.07% (7/41) in bone and 41.94% (13/31) in lung.

Conclusions: In this study, results suggested that irradiation to brain has the best immune activation effect and patient outcome compared with other organs in NSCLC, and when the earlier-line ICIs were combined with RT, a better patient outcome was reached. Prospective studies are also necessary to provide more convincing evidence and standards for clinical irradiation metastases selection.

Keywords: NSCLC; immune activation effect; inflammatory blood indexes; irradiated organs; radioimmunotherapy.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / diagnosis
  • Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / immunology*
  • Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / therapy*
  • Combined Modality Therapy
  • Disease Susceptibility
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Immunity* / drug effects
  • Immunity* / radiation effects
  • Immunotherapy / adverse effects
  • Immunotherapy / methods
  • Lung Neoplasms / diagnosis
  • Lung Neoplasms / immunology*
  • Lung Neoplasms / therapy*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Molecular Targeted Therapy
  • Neoplasm Metastasis
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Radiotherapy / adverse effects
  • Radiotherapy / methods
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors