A Review of Surgical Techniques for the Treatment of Large Idiopathic Macular Holes

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2022 Jan;53(1):52-61. doi: 10.3928/23258160-20211210-03. Epub 2022 Jan 1.

Abstract

Background and objective: This meta-analysis reviews available surgical techniques for the repair of macular holes (MHs) >650 μm.

Material and methods: PubMed search criteria were used to identify 17 studies outlining surgical techniques for the repair of MHs >650 μm. Thirteen of the studies identified individual cases and were further analyzed based on MH classification. Success was defined as functional improvement and anatomic closure of the hole.

Results: Two hundred and six MHs were included in this study. There were clinically significant differences between the repair of primary and refractory MHs. Autologous retinal transplant resulted in a visual acuity improvement of -0.48 ± 0.36 log-MAR, whereas an inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap and pedicle ILM flap resulted in visual acuity improvements of -0.15 ± 0.17 and -0.14 ± 0.91 logMAR, respectively.

Conclusion: An inverted or pedicle ILM flap appears more effective for primary MHs, whereas refractory MHs benefit from a free flap. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2022;53:52-61.].

Publication types

  • Meta-Analysis
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Basement Membrane / surgery
  • Free Tissue Flaps*
  • Humans
  • Retinal Perforations* / diagnosis
  • Retinal Perforations* / surgery
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Tomography, Optical Coherence
  • Vitrectomy / methods