Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Pul-Stent as the treatment of postoperative branch pulmonary artery stenosis in children with congenital heart disease. Methods: This was a retrospective study. Thirty-three patients who underwent Pul-Stent implantation in Shanghai Children's Medical Center due to postoperative residual pulmonary artery stenosis from August 2014 to June 2015 were included. The immediate curative effect, follow-up and complications of Pul-Stent implantation were assessed. Comparisons between groups were performed with unpaired Student t test. Results: Pul-Stent implantation of 33 patients (19 males and 14 females) were performed successfully. Thirty-one patients underwent percutaneous stenting, and 2 patients underwent hybrid stenting. A total of 35 Pul-Stents were implanted (19 of model small, 15 of model medium and one of model large), 23 stents were planted in the proximal left pulmonary artery and 12 stents were in the proximal right pulmonary artery. The initial diameter of dilation balloon ranged from 6 to 16 mm, and the long sheath of percutaneous implantation ranged from 8 to 10 F in 29 patients (29/31, 94%). After stenting, the diameter of the narrowest segment of pulmonary artery increased from (4.0±1.7) mm to (9.1±2.1) mm in all patients (t=-21.60, P<0.001). The pressure gradient at the stenosis in 26 patients after biventricular correction decreased from (30.5±12.3) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) to (9.9±9.6) mmHg (t=12.92, P<0.001), and the right ventricular to aortic pressure ratio decreased from 0.57±0.14 to 0.44±0.12 (t=7.44, P<0.001). The pressure of the superior vena cava after stenting in 5 patients after cavopulmonary anastomosis decreased from (17.0±1.9) mmHg to (14.0±0.7) mmHg (t=2.86, P=0.046). Two patients died during reoperation for repairing other cardiac malformations. The remaining 31 patients were clinically stable during the follow-up period of (5.3±1.6) years, and one stent fracture was found on chest X-ray. Cardiac catheterization reexaminations in 16 patients showed that restenosis was found in one stent, while stent position and patency were satisfactory in the remaining stents. Nine children underwent post-dilation without stent fracture, displacement or aneurysm formation. Cardiac tomography showed no stent stenosis, fracture observed, or significant change in diameter of the stent in 8 patients. The inner diameter and pulmonary blood perfusion could not be accurately evaluated due to artifacts by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in 4 patients. Conclusions: Pul-Stent has good compliance and adequate radial strength, and can dilate further over time to accommodate for somatic growth. It performs safely and effectively in treating post-operative branch pulmonary artery stenosis in children.
目的: 分析Pul-Stent治疗先天性心脏病患儿心脏外科术后残留肺动脉分支狭窄的安全性及有效性。 方法: 回顾性研究。选择2014年8月至2015年6月因外科术后残留肺动脉分支狭窄在上海儿童医学中心行Pul-Stent植入的33例患儿为研究对象。分析患儿支架植入后的即刻疗效、随访结果及并发症情况。组间比较采用t检验。 结果: 33例患儿(男19例、女14例)均成功植入Pul-Stent(经皮导管31例、开胸直视2例),共计植入35枚支架(小型19枚、中型15枚、大型1枚),左肺动脉植入23枚,右肺动脉植入12枚。植入时患儿年龄(6.8±3.1)岁,体重(21.3±8.8)kg。初始扩张球囊直径范围6~16 mm,29例(29/31,94%)经皮植入患儿使用的输送长鞘为8~10 F。支架植入后即刻,33例患儿支架植入处的肺动脉最窄直径从(4.0±1.7)mm增加到(9.1±2.1)mm(t=-21.60,P<0.001);26例经皮植入的双心室纠治术后患儿的跨肺动脉狭窄处的压力阶差由(30.5±12.3)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)降至(9.9±9.6)mmHg(t=12.92,P<0.001),右心室与主动脉压力比值由0.57±0.14降至0.44±0.12(t=7.44,P<0.001);5例腔肺静脉吻合术后患儿上腔静脉压力由(17.0±1.9)mmHg降低至(14.0±0.7)mmHg(t=2.86,P=0.046)。除2例患儿因其他心脏畸形再次外科手术时死亡,余31例患儿随访(5.3±1.6)年均临床稳定,经胸X线片发现1枚支架断裂。16例患儿复查心导管检查,发现1枚支架再狭窄,余支架形态良好。9例患儿行后扩张,过程均顺利,无支架断裂、移位及动脉瘤形成。8例患儿行心脏CT评估,支架内径较植入后无明显变化,未见支架狭窄及断裂。4例患儿行心脏磁共振成像,受伪影影响,无法准确评估内径和肺血流灌注。 结论: Pul-Stent具有较好的顺应性和径向支撑力,后期可进一步后扩张以适应儿童生长发育,治疗外科术后残留的肺动脉分支狭窄安全性和有效性良好。.