Objective: To examine the effectiveness and safety of application of the ureteral access sheath in the treatment of middle or lower ureteral calculi in patients with large-volume benign prostatic hyperplasia above grade Ⅲ, which is expected to avoid the simultaneous or staged treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia via eliminate the difficult angle and resistance of ureteroscopy caused by severe prostatic hyperplasia. Methods: From April 2018 to December 2020, the clinical data of 27 patients with massive benign prostatic hyperplasia above grade Ⅲ and middle and lower ureteral calculi treated with indwelling ureteral access sheath plus ureteroscopy holmium laser lithotripsy at Department of Urology, Zhejiang Quhua Hospital were retrospectively analyzed and followed up. All the patients were male, aged (69.7±12.8) years (range: 55 to 87 years). Prostate volume measured by transrectal ultrasound was (94.8±16.2) cm3 (range: 85 to 186 cm3). The ureteral access sheath was indwelled in advance, and then the semirigid ureteroscopy was introduced through the working channel of the sheath. Holmium laser lithotripsy was performed, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. Urinary abdominal plain X-ray or CT urography were performed at 1-and 2-month postopaerative to evaluate the residual stones and clinical efficacy. Results: The ureteral access sheath was placed and holmium laser lithotripsy under a semirigid ureteroscopy was performed successfully in all the 27 patients. In 2 patients, a second session of auxiliary procedure was required due to the large load of preoperative stones and residual stones after surgery, among whom 1 patient received extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and 1 patient underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy plus ureteroscopic lithotripsy. The stone free rate at 1-and 2-month postoperative were 92.6% (25/27) and 100% (27/27), respectively. There were no severe complications such as ureteral avulsion and perforation, perirenal hematoma, septic shock, severe hematuria, urinary retention, iatrogenic ureteral stricture occurred during and after the surgery. The ureteral calculus was wrapped by polyps heavily in 1 patient, he was diagnosed as ureteral stenosis 1 month postoperative, receiving laparoscopic resection of ureteral stricture plus anastomosis 3 months postoperative. Conclusions: In the operations of middle and lower ureteral calculi in patients with large-volume prostatic hyperplasia above grade Ⅲ, the ureteral access sheath can be placed first to effectively eliminate the difficult angle and resistance of ureteroscopy caused by severe prostatic hyperplasia, and then semirigid ureteroscopic lithotripsy can be safely performed. It could avoid the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia at the same time or by stages.
目的： 探讨为避免同期或分期先处理前列腺增生，将输尿管导引鞘应用于Ⅲ度以上前列腺增生患者输尿管中下段结石清除术中的安全性和有效性。 方法： 回顾性分析2018年4月至2020年12月于浙江衢化医院采用留置输尿管导引鞘+输尿管硬镜钬激光碎石取石术处理的27例Ⅲ度以上前列腺增生合并输尿管中下段结石患者的临床资料。患者均为男性，年龄（69.7±12.8）岁（范围：55~87岁），经直肠超声测量前列腺体积为（94.8±16.2）cm3（范围：85~186 cm3）。术中先留置输尿管导引鞘，再从导引鞘引入输尿管硬镜，进行钬激光碎石取石术，并记录术中术后并发症。术后1、2个月复查泌尿系X线片或CT尿路造影了解结石残余、输尿管狭窄等情况，评价临床疗效。 结果： 27例患者均顺利一期留置输尿管导引鞘并在输尿管硬镜下行钬激光碎石取石术，术中及术后无输尿管撕脱穿孔、肾周血肿、感染性休克、严重血尿、尿潴留、医源性输尿管狭窄等重大并发症。术后1个月排石率92.6%（25/27），术后2个月排石率为100%（27/27）。2例患者由于术前结石最大径>20 mm，术后存在结石残余，接受体外冲击波碎石；1例结石排出，1例二期输尿管镜下取石。1例患者因输尿管结石息肉包裹较重，术后1个月诊断为输尿管狭窄，术后3个月行腹腔镜下输尿管狭窄段切除+吻合术。 结论： 在Ⅲ度以上前列腺增生患者输尿管中下段结石清除术中，通过先留置输尿管导引鞘，能有效避免术中被迫处理前列腺增生，有助于顺利清除结石。.