Objective: To summarize the clinical features of Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (SP-HLH), and the serotypes and drug-resistant characteristics of the isolated strains. Methods: There were 15 children with SP-HLH admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2013 to December 2020 were included in this study. Clinical data including children's general characteristics, clinical features, laboratory examinations, treatments, prognosis and the outcomes of follow-up by May 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The serotypes and drug resistance of the isolated strains were identified. All children were divided into the clinical improvement group and the death group. Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's exact test were used to compare the data of the two groups. Results: Among the 15 children with SP-HLH, 8 were males and 7 were females. The age of these children was 1.0 (1.0, 2.5) years. Regarding the primary infection, there were 9 cases of severe pneumonia, 3 cases of meningitis and 3 cases of blood stream infection. None of these children had received pneumoniae conjugate vaccine (PCV) and all of them were admitted to the PICU. Respiratory failure was observed in 10 patients, acute renal injury in 5, and hemolytic uremic syndrome in 3 patients. All children received glucocorticoids and high-dose intravenous immunogloblin (IVIG) in addition to anti-infective treatment. Eight of the children were cured while the other 7 died. The neutrophil count in the death group was lower than that in the clinical improvement group ((5.0 (1.7, 9.3) × 109 vs. 5.2 (3.4, 10.5) ×109/L, Z =-2.43, P<0.015), and the length of hospital stay and days of PICU stay in the death group were both shorter than those in the improvement group statistically (3 (1, 11) vs. 39 (34, 48) d, 2 (1, 4) vs. 19 (12, 31) d, Z=-3.25, -3.24, both P=0.001). Ten serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae were identified, including 4 strains of 19F, 3 of 19A, 1 of 23F, 1 of 15A and 1 of 14, among which 9 strains (9/10) were covered by PCV13. All strains were resistant to erythromycin yet sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid. Conclusions: SP-HLH is more common in children under the age of 3, with a high mortality rate. The death cases have lower neutrophil count and rapid disease progression. The comprehensive treatment is anti-infective combined with glucocorticoids and high-dose IVIG. The predominant serotypes are 19F and 19A and all isolated strains were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid.
目的： 总结并分析肺炎链球菌相关性噬血细胞综合征（SP-HLH）的临床特征及分离株的血清型和耐药性。 方法： 回顾性分析2013年1月至2020年12月首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院重症医学科收治的15例SP-HLH患儿的一般情况、临床特点、实验室检查、治疗、随访（截至2021年5月）及预后等临床资料，并检测分离株血清型与药物敏感性。根据患儿临床结局分为临床好转组和死亡组。组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验、Fisher确切概率法。 结果： 15例SP-HLH患儿中男8例、女7例，发病年龄1.0（1.0，2.5）岁。原发感染疾病中，重症肺炎9例，脑膜炎和菌血症各3例，所有患儿均未接种肺炎链球菌疫苗且均入住儿童重症监护病房。其中10例存在呼吸衰竭，5例合并急性肾损伤，3例合并溶血尿毒综合征。所有患儿均使用抗感染药物、糖皮质激素和大剂量丙种球蛋白冲击治疗。临床好转组8例，死亡组7例。死亡组中性粒细胞计数低于临床好转组［5.0（1.7，9.3）×109比5.2（3.4，10.5）×109/L，Z=-2.43，P=0.015］，且死亡组患儿住院时长及PICU入住时间均短于好转组［3（1，11）比39（34，48）d、2（1，4）比19（12，31）d，Z=-3.25、-3.24，均P=0.001］。10例患儿有肺炎链球菌血清型分型结果，分别为19F型4株，19A型3株，23F型1株，15A型1株，14型1株，其中9株在13价肺炎链球菌结合疫苗覆盖范围内。所有菌株均对红霉素耐药，对万古霉素、利奈唑胺敏感。 结论： SP-HLH多见于3岁内儿童，病死率较高；死亡组患儿中性粒细胞下降程度重，病情进展快。治疗以在抗感染基础上应用糖皮质激素和大剂量丙种球蛋白为主，分离株血清型以19F、19A为主，对万古霉素、利奈唑胺敏感。.