Objective: In order to find out the prevalence and death of pneumoconiosis in Qingyuan City, to explore the regularity of pneumoconiosis and lay a foundation for the prevention and management of pneumoconiosis. Methods: In August to December 2019, the basic data of pneumoconiosis from 1949 to 2018 were obtained through the monitoring of death causes of residents, occupational disease management system, Guangdong population information system and other means. The reported cases of pneumoconiosis were followed up, and retrospective investigation was conducted to analyze the basic conditions, the length of service exposed to dust, the time of diagnosis, the type of disease, the stage and the combined status of tuberculosis of pneumoconiosis cases. Results: From 1949 to 2018, a total of 466 cases of new pneumoconiosis were reported in Qingyuan City, including 325 cases of death (69.74%) , 114 cases of survival (24.46%) and 27 cases of loss of follow-up (5.80%) . The cases were mainly concentrated in the age group of 40-89 years (80.04%, 373/466) . There were 411 male cases (88.20%) and 7 female cases (1.50%) . The median length of service exposed to dust was 10.7 (6.0, 16.0) years. The diagnosis time of pneumoconiosis cases was mainly from 1949 to 1986 (68.67%, 320/466) , and the death cases were mainly from 1949 to 1986 (82.77%, 269/325) . Silicosis was the main type of pneumoconiosis (398 cases, 85.41%) . 200 cases (42.92%) were diagnosed as stage I pneumoconiosis, 185 cases (39.69%) were stage II pneumoconiosis, 81 cases (17.38%) were stage III pneumoconiosis at the first diagnosis. 102 cases (21.89%) were pneumoconiosis with tuberculosis. The proportion of death and lost follow-up cases diagnosed as stage I pneumoconiosis for the first time was significantly lower than that of survival cases, and the proportion diagnosed as stage II pneumoconiosis and the complication rate of tuberculosis were significantly higher than those of survival cases (χ(2)=15.48, 11.29, 32.73, P<0.001) . Conclusion: Pneumoconiosis in Qingyuan City is mainly silicosis. The number of new cases has been increasing in the past decade, and the prevention and control situation is still severe. The comprehensive prevention and treatment of silica dust should be included in the focus of supervision of government functional departments.
目的： 了解清远市尘肺病患病现状及死亡情况，分析尘肺病发病规律，为做好尘肺病防治管理工作奠定基础。 方法： 于2019年8至12月，通过居民死因监测、职业病管理系统、广东省全员人口信息系统等渠道收集1949至2018年清远市报告的尘肺病基础数据，对已报告的尘肺病病例进行随访，采用回顾性调查，分析尘肺病病例的基本情况、接尘工龄、诊断时间、病种、分期以及肺结核合并情况。 结果： 1949至2018年，清远市共报告新发尘肺病466例，其中死亡325例（69.74%），存活114例（24.46%），失访27例（5.80%）。病例主要集中在40~89岁年龄段（80.04%，373/466）；其中男性病例411例（88.20%），女性病例7例（1.50%）。接尘工龄中位数为10.7（6.0, 16.0）年。尘肺病病例诊断时间主要集中于1949至1986年（68.67%，320/466），死亡病例主要集中于1949至1986年诊断病例（82.77%，269/325）；尘肺病病种以矽肺为主（398例，85.41%），首次诊断为壹期尘肺病者200例（42.92%），贰期尘肺病者185例（39.70%），叁期尘肺病者81例（17.38%）；尘肺病合并肺结核者102例（21.89%）。死亡及失访病例首次诊断为壹期尘肺病的比例明显低于存活病例，诊断为贰期尘肺病的比例以及肺结核合并率明显高于存活病例（χ(2)=15.48、11.29、32.73，P<0.001）。 结论： 清远市尘肺病主要以矽肺为主，新发病例在近十年有增加趋势，防控形势依然严峻，矽尘的综合防治应纳入政府职能部门监管重点。.
Keywords: Epidemiology; Follow-up survey; Pneumoconiosis; Tuberculosis.