Objective: To improve the diagnostic accuracy of pulmonary artery sarcoma, and to distinguish it from central chronic pulmonary thromboembolism using CT scans. Methods: In this retrospective study, two groups of pulmonary artery sarcoma (PAS group) and central chronic pulmonary thromboembolism (central CPTE group) confirmed by pathology at our hospital between August 2009 and July 2019 were enrolled, clinical features and pre-operative CT pulmonary artery manifestation were collected, and the key points of differential diagnosis were summarized. Results: The study was composed of 13 cases in the PAS group including 10 males (76.9%), with an average age of (45.4±15.5) years. There were 19 patients in the central CPTE group including 14 males (73.7%), with an average age of (38.6±14.1) years. There were no significant differences in gender and age between the two groups. Deep venous thrombosis in the lower extremities was significantly higher in the central CPTE group than in the PAS group (7/19 vs. 0/13, P=0.025), and the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide value was higher in the central CPTE group than in the PAS group [674.50(261.70-1 977.70) vs. 66.00(28.10-505.50),P=0.001]. In CT pulmonary angiography, the involvement of the main pulmonary artery, and the proximal lesion showing an acute angle to the pulmonary artery wall were more common in the PAS group [11(84.6%) vs. 5(26.3%), P=0.003; 11(84.6%) vs. 2(10.5%), P<0.001, respectively]. The swelling index of the main pulmonary and the left/right main pulmonary arteries in the PAS group were significantly higher, as well as the dilatation in the lobar and segmental pulmonary arteries [1.19±0.17 vs. 0.99±0.19,P=0.006, 10(76.9%) vs. 2(10.5%), P<0.001, respectively]. The right ventricular transverse diameter/left ventricular transverse diameter (RVd/LVd) and pulmonary artery diameter/ascending aortic diameter ratio (Pad/Aod) were significantly lower in PAS group than those in the central CPTE group (0.97±0.19 vs. 1.23±0.35,P=0.020; 0.98±0.25 vs. 1.15±0.20,P=0.039). Conclusions: In CT pulmonary angiography, filling defects involving the main pulmonary artery and showing expansive growth were highly suggestive of pulmonary artery sarcoma. The history of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities was helpful for the diagnosis of chronic pulmonary embolism.
目的： 提高对原发性肺动脉肉瘤的CT影像特征的认识及其与慢性肺动脉血栓栓塞的鉴别能力。 方法： 回顾性纳入2009年8月至2019年7月中国医学科学院阜外医院经手术后病理确诊的原发性肺动脉肉瘤（PAS组）和累及中央肺动脉的慢性肺动脉血栓栓塞（CPTE组）的患者资料。PAS组13例，其中男10例，女3例，年龄（45.4±15.5）岁；CPTE组19例，男14例，女5例，年龄（38.6±14.1）岁，分析两组患者的临床特点和CT肺动脉造影结果，总结二者的鉴别诊断要点。 结果： 两组间性别和年龄差异无统计学意义，CPTE组下肢深静脉血栓（7/19）明显多于PAS组（0/13，P=0.025），且该组N-末端利钠肽前体水平［674.50（261.70~1 977.70）］高于PAS组［66.00（28.10~505.50），P=0.001］。CT肺动脉造影中，PAS组多累及主肺动脉（11/13），病变近端与肺动脉管壁多呈锐角（11/13）；高于CPTE组（5/13，P=0.003；2/13，P<0.001）。PAS组主肺动脉及左右肺动脉干的膨胀指数为1.19±0.17，叶段肺动脉膨胀改变（10例）明显高于CPTE组（0.99±0.19，P=0.006；2例，P<0.001），右心室横径/左心室横径（RVd/LVd）、肺动脉直径/主动脉直径比值（PAd/AOd）明显低于CPTE组（0.97±0.19 和1.23±0.35，P=0.020；0.98±0.25 和1.15±0.20，P=0.039）。 结论： CT肺动脉造影中，肺动脉腔内充盈缺损累及主肺动脉且呈膨胀性生长，高度提示肺动脉肉瘤；下肢深静脉血栓病史对慢性肺栓塞的诊断有提示作用。.