Association of Serum Magnesium Levels Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy

Magnesium is the fourth most common cation in the body. This ion is now established as a central electrolyte in a large number of cellular metabolic reactions. Low magnesium status has repeatedly been demonstrated in patients with type 2 diabetes. Hypo-magnesemia has been definitely shown to be associated with increased risk of Diabetes mellitus, but its association with retinopathy has been inconclusive and hence this current study has been undertaken to evaluate the association of serum levels of magnesium with retinopathy in type 2 diabetes and correlation with long term control of diabetes mellitus.

Material: There are 150 eligible patients selected from the opd of tertiary care center mysore, karnaaka from jan 2020 to dec 2020. It is a Hospital based Cross sectional study, and statistical software namely Epi-info and open epi software were used for the analysis of the data obtained.

Observation: The present study included 150 type 2 diabetic patients. out of 150 diabetic patients 99 were male and 51 were female with male to female ratio was 2:1. We found that the maximum number of patients were from the 55-60 years group. The minimum age in the case group was 37 years and the maximum age was 76 years, with the mean being 55 + 8 years. maximum patients had (29.34 %) PDR, whereas least common (5.33%) had very severe NPDR, moderate NPSeen in 26 % of patients, on the other hand No And Severe NPSeen in around 16 % and 17.33 % respectively. Relationship between grade of retinopathy and serum magnesium level shows that mean of PDR was 1.6 with less standard deviation with narrow confidence interval which make it more reliable value. Relationship between prevalance of diabetic retinopathies and serum Mg level shows that around 70 % diabetics have mg level in between 1.8 to 2.5 mg/dl, maximum patients have moderate NPDR (31) out of 110 patients. It showed that serum magnesium level has statistically significant association with type of diabetic retinopathies.

Conclusion: In patients with retinopathy Serum Mg level was significantly low as compared to those without retinopathy. The mean serum Mg was significantly low in patients PAs compared to those with NP.