Postconcussion Symptom Catastrophizing Scale: Preliminary Reliability and Validity Analysis of Cross-sectional Data

Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2023 Feb 1;102(2):105-109. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000002040. Epub 2022 Apr 26.

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study was to describe cross-sectional relationships between postconcussion symptom catastrophizing and patient-level factors in a postconcussion cohort.

Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted in an outpatient rehabilitation hospital concussion clinic and consisted of adults undergoing a neuropsychological evaluation. Cronbach α assessed internal consistency for Post-Concussion Symptom Catastrophizing Scale total scores. Pearson r correlation coefficients assessed construct validity among emotional function measures and Post-Concussion Symptom Catastrophizing Scale total scores at initial evaluation. Hierarchical regression models were used to assess criterion validity.

Results: Excellent internal consistency was observed for Post-Concussion Symptom Catastrophizing Scale total scores (α = 0.953). The Post-Concussion Symptom Catastrophizing Scale was significantly correlated with cause of injury ( r = -0.223, P < 0.01), litigation consideration ( r = 0.309, P < 0.05), and history of psychiatric illness ( r = 0.198, P < 0.01). The Post-Concussion Symptom Catastrophizing Scale was significantly correlated with emotional functioning (Patient Health Questionnaire [ r = 0.600, P < 0.05]; Generalized Anxiety Disorder [ r = 0.602, P < 0.05]), symptom rating (Sports Concussion Assessment Tool [Fifth Edition, r = 0.477, P < 0.05]), and cognitive functioning (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status [ r = -0.238, P < 0.05]) measures. The final regression model explained 64.7% variance in Post-Concussion Symptom Catastrophizing Scale total scores and included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder ( b = 1.038, β = 0.466, P = 0.001) as a unique predictor.

Conclusions: Results indicate strong, positive relationships between anxiety and catastrophizing at initial neuropsychological evaluation in a postconcussion sample.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Athletic Injuries* / complications
  • Brain Concussion* / complications
  • Catastrophization
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Humans
  • Neuropsychological Tests
  • Post-Concussion Syndrome* / diagnosis
  • Post-Concussion Syndrome* / etiology
  • Reproducibility of Results