Why "sex as a biological variable" conflicts with precision medicine initiatives

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of History & Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh, 1101 Cathedral of Learning, 4200 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
• ² Department of Philosophy, Columbia University, 708 Philosophy Hall, MC: 4971, 1150 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA.
• ³ Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
• ⁴ Department of History of Science, Harvard University, 1 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Committee on Degrees in Studies of Women, Gender, and Sexuality, Harvard University Boylston Hall, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.