It is difficult to identify people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) who are at high risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A polygenic risk score (PRS) for hepatic fat (HFC-PRS) derived from non-Asians has been reported to be associated with HCC risk in European populations. However, population-level data of this risk in Asian populations are lacking. Utilizing resources from 24,333 participants of the Singapore Chinese Health Study (SCHS), we examined the relationship between the HFC-PRS and HCC risk. In addition, we constructed and evaluated a NAFLD-related PRS (NAFLD-PRS) with HCC risk in the SCHS. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of HCC incidence with both HFC-PRS and NAFLD-PRS. The HFC-PRS and NAFLD-PRS were highly correlated (Spearman r = 0.79, p < 0.001). The highest quartiles of both the HFC-PRS and the NAFLD-PRS were associated with significantly increased risk of HCC with HR of 2.39 (95% CI 1.51, 3.78) and 1.77 (95% CI 1.15, 2.73), respectively, compared with their respective lowest quartile. Conclusion: The PRS for hepatic fat content or NAFLD may be useful for assessing HCC risk in both Asian and European populations. The findings of this and prior studies support a potential causal role of genetically determined NAFLD in HCC development.
© 2022 The Authors. Hepatology Communications published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.