Immunotherapy-Induced Eosinophilic Tracheitis

The present report describes the case of a 27-year-old male with a longstanding diagnosis of melanoma with metastatic disease treated with nivolumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor. He presented with a chronic cough of unknown etiology, not responsive to standard of care treatment with cough suppressants. In view of this, a bronchoscopy was done, and biopsies were taken. The patient was diagnosed with eosinophilic tracheitis secondary to nivolumab. His symptoms improved with steroids and cessation of the immune checkpoint inhibitor. Prescribing physicians should be aware of these rare and potentially life-threatening toxic effects.