The influence of HLA matching was studied in 319 informative cases of primary cadaveric kidney transplantations performed in Gothenburg 1969--1976. Foreign HLA-B antigens seemed to be of more importance for graft survival than foreign HLA-A or -C antigens. The prognosis for graft survival was significantly improved for match-grades with one foreign HLA-B antigen from the period 1973--1976 compared to those from the period 1969--1972. Match-grades with two foreign HLA-B antigens had significantly reduced graft survival during the period 1973--1976.