Functional Antibody Responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants in Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019, Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children, and After Two Doses of BNT162b2 Vaccination

Christina A Rostad; Xuemin Chen; He Ying Sun; Laila Hussaini; Austin Lu; Maria A Perez; Hui Mien Hsiao; Larry J Anderson; Evan J Anderson

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiac215

Functional Antibody Responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants in Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019, Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children, and After Two Doses of BNT162b2 Vaccination

J Infect Dis. 2022 Sep 28;226(7):1237-1242. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiac215.

Authors

Christina A Rostad^{1

2}, Xuemin Chen^{1

2}, He Ying Sun^{1

2}, Laila Hussaini^{1

2}, Austin Lu^{1

2}, Maria A Perez^{1

2}, Hui Mien Hsiao^{1

2}, Larry J Anderson^{1

2}, Evan J Anderson^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
² Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
³ Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Abstract

Background: Although neutralizing antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) correlate with protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), little is known about the neutralizing and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses to COVID-19, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), and COVID-19 vaccination in children.

Methods: We enrolled children 0-21 years of age with a history of COVID-19 (n = 13), MIS-C (n = 13), or 2 doses of BNT162b2 vaccination (n = 14) into a phlebotomy protocol. We measured pseudovirus neutralizing and functional ADCC antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron (B.1.1.529).

Results: The primary BNT162b2 vaccination series elicited higher neutralizing and ADCC responses with greater breadth to SARS-CoV-2 variants than COVID-19 or MIS-C, although these were diminished against Omicron.

Conclusions: Serologic responses were significantly reduced against variants, particularly Omicron.

Keywords: ADCC; COVID; MIS-C; SARS-CoV-2; pediatric.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Antibodies, Neutralizing
Antibodies, Viral
Antibody Formation
BNT162 Vaccine
COVID-19 Vaccines
COVID-19* / complications
Child
Humans
Neutralization Tests
SARS-CoV-2*
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Vaccination

Substances

Antibodies, Neutralizing
Antibodies, Viral
COVID-19 Vaccines
BNT162 Vaccine

Supplementary concepts

SARS-CoV-2 variants
pediatric multisystem inflammatory disease, COVID-19 related