Spatial and Temporal Trends in HIV/AIDS Burden Among Worldwide Regions From 1990 to 2019: A Secondary Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Huan He; Zejin Ou; Danfeng Yu; Yongzhi Li; Yuanhao Liang; Wenqiao He; Yuhan Gao; Fei Wu; Qing Chen

doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.808318

Spatial and Temporal Trends in HIV/AIDS Burden Among Worldwide Regions From 1990 to 2019: A Secondary Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 May 12:9:808318. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.808318. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Huan He¹, Zejin Ou², Danfeng Yu³, Yongzhi Li¹, Yuanhao Liang¹, Wenqiao He¹, Yuhan Gao¹, Fei Wu¹, Qing Chen¹

Affiliations

¹ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
² Key Laboratory of Occupational Environment and Health, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
³ Department of MICU, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China.

Abstract

Purpose: HIV/AIDS is a critical public health concern worldwide. This article investigated the spatial and temporal trends in HIV/AIDS burden from 1990 to 2019.

Methods: Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and the age-standardized rate (ASR) were used to quantify the change in trends at the global, regional, and national levels.

Results: In terms of temporal trends, during the period 1990-2004, increasing trends in prevalence (EAPC = 7.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.84, 9.12), death (EAPC = 10.85, 95% CI 8.90-12.84), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) (EAPC = 10.40, 95% CI 8.47-12.36) of HIV/AIDS were observed. During the period 2005-2019, the global trends in HIV/AIDS incidence, death, and DALYs of HIV/AIDS decreased, with the EAPCs of -2.68 (95% CI-2.82--2.53), -6.73 (95% CI -6.98--6.47), and -6.75 (95% CI -6.95--6.54), respectively. However, the disease prevalence showed a slight increasing trend (EAPC = 0.71, 95% CI 0.54-0.87). In terms of spatial trends, over the past 15 years, trends in HIV/AIDS incidence of HIV/AIDS appeared upward in High-middle and High sociodemographic index (SDI) areas (EAPC = 6.51, 95% CI 5.50-7.53; EAPC = 2.31, 95% CI 2.02-2.60, respectively).

Conclusion: Decreasing trends in HIV/AIDS incidence, death, and DALYs have been observed worldwide over the past 15 years, especially in death and DALYs rates. However, the global population living with HIV/AIDS is still increasing. It is worth noting that an unfavorable trend emerged in High-middle and High SDI areas. Prevention and control of HIV/AIDS still need to be strengthened to counteract these concerning trends.

Keywords: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS); age-standardized rate (ASR); epidemiological trend; estimated annual percentage change (EAPC); global burden of disease (GBD); human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).