The Self-Regulation Assessment (SeRA) questionnaire: development and exploratory analyses of a new patient-reported outcome measure for rehabilitation

T I Mol; C A M van Bennekom; E W M Scholten; J M A Visser-Meily; H Beckerman; P E C A Passier; R J E M Smeets; H R Schiphorst Preuper; M W M Post

doi:10.1080/09638288.2022.2080289

The Self-Regulation Assessment (SeRA) questionnaire: development and exploratory analyses of a new patient-reported outcome measure for rehabilitation

Disabil Rehabil. 2023 Jun;45(12):2038-2045. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2080289. Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Authors

T I Mol^{1

2}, C A M van Bennekom^{3

4}, E W M Scholten¹, J M A Visser-Meily^{1

5}, H Beckerman⁶, P E C A Passier⁷, R J E M Smeets^{8

9

10}, H R Schiphorst Preuper², M W M Post^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, Netherlands.
² Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
³ Heliomare Rehabilitation Center, Research and Development, Wijk aan Zee, Netherlands.
⁴ Amsterdam University Medical Center, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
⁵ Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science & Sports, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
⁶ Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
⁷ Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sint Antonius General Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands.
⁸ CIR Revalidatie, Eindhoven, Netherlands.
⁹ Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
¹⁰ Pain in Motion International Research Group (PiM), Antwerp, Belgium.

Abstract

Purpose: To develop and explore underlying dimensions of the Self-Regulation Assessment (SeRA) and psychometric features of potential components. Further, to identify associations between the SeRA and disability-management self-efficacy, type of diagnosis, and type of rehabilitation.

Materials and methods: Based on a previously developed model of self-regulation, expert and patient opinions, and cognitive interviews, a list of 22 items on self-regulation (the SeRA) was constructed. The SeRA was included in a cross-sectional survey among a multi-diagnostic group of 563 former rehabilitation patients. Exploratory analyses were conducted.

Results: Respondents had a mean age of 56.5 (SD 12.7) years. The largest diagnostic groups were chronic pain disorder and brain injury. Four components were found within the SeRA, labelled as "insight into own health condition," "insight into own capabilities," "apply self-regulation," and "organization of help." Cronbach's alpha was high (total scale: 0.93, subscales: range 0.85-0.89). Only scores on the first subscale showed a ceiling effect. Subscale three showed the highest correlation with a self-efficacy measure. Small differences in SeRA total scores (range 71.6-78.1) were found between different diagnostic groups.

Conclusion: The SeRA is a new self-regulation measure with four subscales. Further research is needed to establish the validity and reliability of the SeRA. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThe Self-Regulation Assessment (SeRA) was developed to provide a comprehensive measurement of self-regulation among rehabilitation populations.The SeRA could potentially be used to identify persons with self-regulation problems at the start of rehabilitation treatment and measure outcomes of rehabilitation for self-regulation.The SeRA could potentially be used to help analyse outcomes of rehabilitation practice as well as evaluate interventions on self-regulation.

Keywords: Self-regulation; exploratory factor analyses; patient-reported outcome measures; rehabilitation; validation studies.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Cross-Sectional Studies
Humans
Middle Aged
Patient Reported Outcome Measures*
Psychometrics / methods
Reproducibility of Results
Self-Control*
Surveys and Questionnaires

Grants and funding

This work was supported by ZonMW (project no. 63000004).