Objective: To investigate the rationality of nerve-plane sparing radical hysterectomy (NPSRH) for cervical cancer by observing the anatomical and histological characteristics of pelvic autonomic plane based on fresh cadaver. Methods: From October 2015 to September 2020, 14 fresh female cadavers were anatomically and histologically studied in the Laboratory of Anatomy and Embryology Department, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. The median age of the specimens was 79 years (range: 67 to 92 years). Twenty-eight hemi-pelvic specimens were obtained from 14 fresh female cadavers. NPSRH procedures were simulated in 8 hemi-pelvic cavities to prove its feasibility. Detailed dissection was conducted to recognize nerve plane and to observe the distribution of pelvic nerves in 10 hemipelvis. In the other 10 hemipelvis, whole parametrium tissue was taken from the crossing of ureter and the uterine artery to the ureterovesical entrance and be embedded, then continuous section was performed, and was stained by hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) to observe the relationship of nerves and vessels. Immunohistochemical staining of S100, tyrosine dehydrogenase (TH), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were performed to count and distinguish sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, respectively. Results: (1) The pelvic autonomic nerve-plane was completely preserved in 7 of 8 hemipelvis by simulating NPSRH. (2) After detailed dissection in 10 hemipelvis, it was found that hypogastric nerve, pelvic splanchnic nerve, and their confluence of inferior hypogastric plexus were distributed in a planar statelocating in the ureteral mesentery and its caudal extension. This nerve plane showed a cross relationship with deep uterine vein and its branches. The bladder branches and vesical venous plexus were closely related to the inferior hypogastric plexus. The middle vesical vein and inferior vesical vein were intact in 7 of 10 hemipelvis, and either vesical vein was missing in 3 of them. It was observed that the vesical venous plexus communicated with the deep uterine vein trunk on the medial side of the nerve plane in 6 hemipelvis, while flowed into the deep uterine vein on the lateral side of the nerve plane in 2 hemipelvis, and in the other 2 hemipelvis it directly flowed into the internal iliac vein. (3) It was revealed that autonomic nerves were continuously distributed beneath the ureteral with sagittal plane by HE staining. The average nerve content below the ureteral width was 70.9% of the total in nerve plane by S100 staining. TH and VIP staining showed that the average number of sympathetic fibers was 13.5 and parasympathetic fibers was 8.2, reminding sympathetic predominated. Conclusion: Pelvic autonomic nerves are mainly distributed within the mesangial plane below the ureter, which provides an anatomic justification for NPSRH.
目的： 基于新鲜尸体研究，观察盆腔自主神经平面的解剖学及组织学特征，以探讨子宫颈癌保留神经平面的子宫广泛性切除术（NPSRH）的合理性。 方法： 2015年10月至2020年9月在中国医学科学院北京协和医学院解剖与组胚学系实验室对14具新鲜女性尸体进行解剖学及组织学研究，研究标本的中位年龄为79岁（范围：67~92岁）。从14具新鲜女性尸体中获得28个半侧盆腔标本。其中，8个半侧盆腔用于NPSRH的手术模拟，证实其可行性；10个半侧盆腔通过精细解剖，分离盆腔自主神经结构，观察其走行特点及与周围组织的关系；对另外10个半侧盆腔，从输尿管与子宫动脉交叉处至膀胱入口处的宫旁组织进行整体取材、包埋并连续切片，HE染色明确输尿管管腔宽度下方系膜内神经的分布特点；免疫组化S100染色，识别并计数神经纤维束，再选择与S100染色标本同点的切片进行酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）及血管活性肠肽（VIP）染色，以区分交感神经与副交感神经，并计数神经纤维束。 结果： （1）在8个半侧盆腔标本上模拟了NPSRH，其中7个半侧盆腔中整体保留了盆腔自主神经平面。（2）10个半侧盆腔标本经过精细解剖，发现腹下神经、盆腔内脏神经及其汇合成的下腹下神经丛的分布呈平面状态，均位于输尿管系膜及其尾侧延伸部分内。神经平面与子宫深静脉及其属支均呈交叉关系。下腹下神经丛膀胱支与膀胱静脉丛的关系密切。在10个半侧盆腔中，7个观察到完整的膀胱中静脉及膀胱下静脉，另3个其中一支静脉缺失；6个半侧盆腔的膀胱静脉丛在神经平面内侧与子宫深静脉主干有交通，2个半侧盆腔的膀胱静脉丛于神经平面外侧汇入子宫深静脉，另外2个半侧盆腔的膀胱静脉丛直接汇入髂内静脉。（3）HE染色发现，宫旁输尿管下方盆腔自主神经的分布具有连续性，呈矢状位平面分布。免疫组化S100染色发现，输尿管管腔宽度下方的神经纤维束占宫旁范围神经纤维束总量的比例平均为70.9%。TH及VIP染色发现，交感神经纤维束平均为13.5条/半侧盆腔，副交感神经纤维束平均为8.2条/半侧盆腔，交感神经分布占优势。 结论： 盆腔自主神经主要分布于输尿管系膜及其尾侧延伸部分所组成的平面内，NPSRH术式具有解剖学上的合理性。.