Kidney carcinoma is currently the tenth most diagnosed tumour in women and the sixth in men. It makes up about 4 % of all malignant tumours. In urology, it is the third most common malignant disease. It is most often diagnosed between the ages of 40 and 60, and its incidence is still rising. Risk factors include: positive family history, high blood pressure, obesity, and smoking. In examining the samples of cancer tissues, histopathological examination methods were used, including biomarkers such as: LRRC3B, TCF21, or cadherins and other markers. The use of imaging methods such as computer tomography and sonography improved the detection ability of an asymptomatic kidney tumour. Due to the expansion of diagnostic methods and the introduction of new techniques in surgical treatment, the paradigm in the surgical treatment of this disease has changed in recent years. In the case of a detailed study of the intracellular structures in the carcinogenic processes, the more profound knowledge about them can lead to the elimination of the need for surgical resection in future (Tab. 7, Fig. 4, Ref. 51). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: kidney carcinoma, RCC, biomarkers, diagnostics, surgical treatment.