1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States; Association of Women Surgeons Publications Committee, United States.
2 Penn Medicine/Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Association of Women Surgeons Publications Committee, United States.
3 University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Association of Women Surgeons Publications Committee, United States.
4 University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Association of Women Surgeons Publications Committee, United States.
5 Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States; Association of Women Surgeons Publications Committee, United States.
6 University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States; Association of Women Surgeons Publications Committee, United States.
7 West Florida Hospital, Pensacola, Fl, United States; Association of Women Surgeons Publications Committee, United States. Electronic address: [email protected].