Clinical Value of Serum BMP-4, BMP-2, GDF-15, MMP-9, GP39 Levels in Pregnant Women with Obesity and the Related Comorbidities Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Hypertension

Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol. 2023 Feb;227(1):42-50. doi: 10.1055/a-1937-1155. Epub 2022 Sep 28.

Abstract

Aims: We evaluated the clinical value of selected serum biomarkers BMP-4, BMP-2, GDF-15, MMP-9, and GP39 in pregnant women with obesity and the comorbidities diabetes mellitus (DM) and gestational hypertension (GHT).

Methods: This observational study had groups of controls, including healthy pregnant women; women with only obesity, including pregnant women with BMI≥30 kg/m2; women with gestational DM (GDM) with obesity, including pregnant women with GDM and obesity; women with pregestational DM (PGDM) with obesity, including pregnant women with PGDM and obesity; and women with GHT with obesity, including pregnant women with GHT and obesity. We measured serum levels of selected biomarkers by ELISA.

Results: Obesity increased serum levels of all the biomarkers; GDM developed in obese women caused a more pronounced increase in the serum levels of BMP-4 and BMP-2, and GHT developed in obese women caused a more pronounced increase in the serum levels of GDF-15. In the women with GDM-, PGDM-, and GHT-complicated obesity, serum levels of MMP-9 and GP39 did not change meaningfully.

Conclusions: Obesity and its comorbidities DM and GHT lead to meaningful changes in the studied serum biomarkers. Since obesity has a causal effect on developing numerous conditions, reliable clinical biomarkers are needed to improve the early prediction and diagnosis of high-risk conditions during pregnancy.

Publication types

  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Biomarkers
  • Diabetes, Gestational* / diagnosis
  • Diabetes, Gestational* / epidemiology
  • Female
  • Growth Differentiation Factor 15
  • Humans
  • Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced*
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
  • Obesity / diagnosis
  • Obesity / epidemiology
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnant People

Substances

  • Growth Differentiation Factor 15
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
  • Biomarkers