Objective: To explore the effects of exposure of pregnant rats to radio frequency electromagnetic field on the ultrastructure of hippocampus and the levels of obesity related protein (FTO) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in offspring rats. Methods: In September 2019, 36 healthy 7-week-old Wistar rats were selected, including 24 female rats (150-200 g) and 12 male rats (200-250 g) . The male and female mice were mated in the cage at 2: 1 ratio at 18: 00 every night. The smear results showed that the sperm was positive and the mating was successful. The day was regarded as the 0 day of pregnancy. Pregnant rats were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups and 3 control groups, with 4 rats in each group. The experimental group was exposed to 1 800 MHz, Wi-Fi and 1 800 MHz+Wi-Fi respectively, and the three control groups were exposed to virtual exposure. 12 hours a day for 21 days in three batches. After the end of exposure, the offspring of each group were raised for 7 weeks. The ultrastructural changes of the hippocampus were observed by transmission electron microscopy, the FTO level in the hippocampus was determined by Western blot, and the NGF level in the brain tissue was determined by ELISA. Results: Transmission electron microscopy showed that the nuclei of hippocampal tissue of female and male rats in the 1800 MHz group were slightly contracted, the cytoplasm was slightly edema, and the nuclei of male rats were obviously irregular. In the offspring of male and female rats in the Wi-Fi group, the nucleus of hippocampal tissue contracted seriously, the cell membrane was irregular, and the cytoplasm appeared obvious edema. In the 1800 MHz+Wi-Fi group, the nuclei of hippocampal tissue of both male and female offspring rats were severely contracted, the nuclear membrane was irregular, and the cytoplasm was severely edema. there was no significant difference in FTO level among the groups (P>0.05) . Compared with other groups, NGF content in hippocampus of offspring rats in the 1800 MHz+Wi-Fi group was significantly higher (P<0.05) . Conclusion: Exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields will damage the morphological structure of hippocampal tissue of offspring and stimulate the increase of NGF expression in the hippocampus.
目的： 探究孕鼠暴露于射频电磁场对子代大鼠海马超微结构和肥胖相关蛋白（FTO）及神经生长因子（NGF）水平的影响。 方法： 于2019年9月，选择36只健康7周龄Wistar大鼠，其中雌鼠24只（150~200 g），雄鼠12只（200~250 g）。雌雄鼠以2∶1比例于每晚18∶00合笼交配，涂片结果精子阳性为交配成功，当日作为孕0 d。将孕鼠随机分成3组实验组和3组对照组，每组4只。实验组分别给予1 800 MHz暴露、Wi-Fi暴露和1 800 MHz+Wi-Fi暴露，3个对照组给予虚拟暴露。每天12 h，连续21 d，分三批进行。暴露结束后，各组子鼠饲养到7周，透射电镜观察大脑海马超微结构变化，Western Blot法测定海马内FTO水平，ELISA法测定脑组织中的NGF水平。 结果： 透射电镜观察发现，1 800 MHz暴露组子代雌、雄大鼠海马组织胞核轻微收缩，胞质轻微水肿，雄鼠胞核明显不规则。Wi-Fi暴露组子代雌、雄大鼠海马组织胞核收缩较严重，胞膜不规则，胞质出现明显水肿。1 800 MHz+Wi-Fi暴露组子代雌、雄大鼠海马组织胞核均严重收缩，核膜不规则，胞质严重水肿。各组间比较，子代雌、雄大鼠FTO水平差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与其他各组比较，1 800 MHz+Wi-Fi暴露组子代大鼠海马内的NGF含量明显升高（P<0.05）。 结论： 射频电磁场孕期暴露可能会对子鼠海马组织的超微结构造成影响，且1 800 MHz+Wi-Fi叠加暴露可刺激海马内的NGF表达上调。.
Keywords: Aberdeen; Electromagnetic fields; Fertile period; Hippocampus; Neurotrophin; Radiofrequency; Ultrastructure.