Managing life-threatening 5-fluorouracil cardiotoxicity

BMJ Case Rep. 2022 Oct 17;15(10):e251016. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2022-251016.

Abstract

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), a known cardiotoxin, is the backbone for the treatment of colorectal cancer. It is associated with arrhythmias, myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. Most commonly, it is associated with coronary vasospasm secondary to direct toxic effects on vascular endothelium.A woman with metastatic colon cancer, originally treated with a 5-FU infusion as part of the FOLFIRI (Folinic acid, 5-Fluorouracil, Irinotecan) regimen, was unable to tolerate the chemotherapy due to chest pain. She was transitioned from infusional 5-FU to inferior 1-hour bolus 5-FU, in an attempt to minimise cardiotoxicity, but had disease progression. A multidisciplinary decision was made to again trial 5-FU infusion and pretreat with diltiazem. She tolerated chemotherapy without adverse events. A multidisciplinary discussion is recommended for co-management of reversible 5-FU-associated cardiotoxicity. After coronary artery disease (CAD) risk stratification and treatment, empiric treatment with calcium channel blockers and/or nitrates may allow patients with suspected coronary vasospasm, from 5-FU, to continue this vital chemotherapy.

Keywords: cancer intervention; cardiovascular system; chemotherapy.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use
  • Calcium Channel Blockers / therapeutic use
  • Camptothecin
  • Cardiotoxicity / etiology
  • Cardiotoxins / therapeutic use
  • Colorectal Neoplasms* / drug therapy
  • Colorectal Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Coronary Vasospasm* / chemically induced
  • Coronary Vasospasm* / drug therapy
  • Diltiazem / therapeutic use
  • Female
  • Fluorouracil
  • Humans
  • Irinotecan / therapeutic use
  • Leucovorin / adverse effects
  • Nitrates / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Calcium Channel Blockers
  • Cardiotoxins
  • Nitrates
  • Irinotecan
  • Diltiazem
  • Leucovorin
  • Fluorouracil
  • Camptothecin