Does oxidative DNA damage trigger histotoxic hypoxia via PARP1/AMP-driven mitochondrial ADP depletion-induced ATP synthase inhibition in Alzheimer's disease?

Mitochondrion. 2022 Nov:67:59-64. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.10.005. Epub 2022 Oct 29.

Abstract

The low cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen despite the relatively preserved perfusion in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients' medial temporal lobes suggest histotoxic hypoxia due to mitochondrial dysfunction that is independent of, but could precede, insulin resistance. Neuropathological, metabolomic, and preclinical evidence are consistent with the notion that this mitochondrial dysfunction may be contributed to by oxidative stress and DNA damage, leading to poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase-1 (PARP1) activation and consequent AMP accumulation, clogging of mitochondrial adenine nucleotide transporters (ANTs), matrix ADP deprivation, and ATP synthase inhibition. Complementary mechanisms may include mitochondrial-protein poly-ADP-ribosylation and mitochondrial-biogenesis suppression via PARPs outcompeting Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) for nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide (NAD+).

Keywords: DNA Damage; Insulin Resistance; Mitochondria; Oxidative Stress.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adenosine Diphosphate / metabolism
  • Adenosine Monophosphate
  • Adenosine Triphosphate / metabolism
  • Alzheimer Disease*
  • DNA Damage
  • Humans
  • Hypoxia
  • Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases / metabolism
  • NAD / metabolism
  • Oxidative Stress
  • Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 / metabolism
  • Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases* / metabolism

Substances

  • Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases
  • Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases
  • NAD
  • Adenosine Triphosphate
  • Adenosine Monophosphate
  • Adenosine Diphosphate
  • PARP1 protein, human
  • Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1