Although currently it is known that neuronal hyperexcitability is the mechanism underlying epilepsy, this condition was previously associated with spiritual factors. Epilepsy surgery is considered in patients in whom administration of anti-seizure drugs is infeasible. Functional mapping of the brain and intraoperative monitoring have improved safety of epilepsy surgery. A ketogenic diet is considered in patients in whom surgery is not adaptive. The American made-for-television movie ...First Do No Harm (1997) highlights the usefulness of the ketogenic diet for intractable epilepsy. Notably, ketogenic diet therapy was approved for public health insurance coverage in Japan in 2016.