Effect of Occlusal Splint Therapy on Condylar Movements Recorded Using an Electronic Pantograph: A Prospective Clinical Study

Aims and objective: The effect of occlusal splint therapy on the muscle activity has been addressed in the literature. However, its effect on condylar movements in subjects with normal and abnormal occlusions has not yet been investigated. This prospective clinical study addressed the effect of occlusal splint therapy on condylar movements in subjects with normal and abnormal occlusions using an electronic pantograph.

Materials and methods: Two groups of subjects were included in this study. The first group included subjects with normal occlusion, whereas the subjects in the other group were diagnosed with abnormal occlusion. The occlusal splint was fabricated, adjusted clinically, and delivered for each subject. Condylar movements were recorded using a Cadiax Compact II electronic pantograph at baseline, 2-, 4-, and 6-month follow-up periods to assess sagittal condylar inclination (SCI), immediate mandibular lateral translation (IMLT), and progressive mandibular lateral translation (PMLT). The t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and two-way ANOVA were used to compare the parameters between the groups and to assess the time effect on these parameters (α = 0.05).

Results: Twenty subjects were recruited for this study (n = 10). Among them, 12 were women and eight were men, with a mean age of 34 years. In each group, insignificant differences were reported for each tested parameter at baseline and during the follow-up periods (P > 0.05). However, when comparing the two groups, the only significant difference was found in the SCI during the 6-month follow-up period (P = 0.014).

Conclusions: Occlusal splints had an insignificant effect on the parameters SCI, IMLT, and PMLT up to 6 months of follow-up for subjects with normal or abnormal occlusion. SCI increased substantially in normal occlusion subjects compared with abnormal occlusion subjects during the 6-month follow-up period.