Supraclavicular Approach to the Brachial Plexus

Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2023 Jan 23;11(1):e4771. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000004771. eCollection 2023 Jan.

Abstract

The brachial plexus consists of an intricate array of nerves originating from the C5-T1 ventral rami of the spinal cord. Their course is complex and can be substantially distorted after injury. Thus, dissection of the brachial plexus can be difficult. Here, we present a practical approach to the supraclavicular dissection of the brachial plexus, with emphasis on relevant anatomy and surgical landmarks.

Methods: This anatomical review was prepared using intraoperative surgical imaging. In addition, illustrations are used to display the images in schematic form. We present a stepwise surgical approach to the supraclavicular dissection of the brachial plexus. We highlight the differences between pre- and postganglionic nerve root injuries, and also relevant anatomical variants of the brachial plexus.

Results: Eleven steps are recommended to facilitate the supraclavicular approach to the brachial plexus.

Conclusion: The supraclavicular dissection of the brachial plexus is reliable with consistent landmarks and can be carried out in a stepwise fashion.