In recent years, many studies have found that vaginal microbiota is closely related to female reproductive tract diseases. However, traditional microbial culture technology has the defects of long culture cycle and most microorganisms cannot be cultured. The development of metagenomics technique has broken the limitations of culture technology, and has been gradually applied to the study of vaginal microorganisms with the characteristics of high throughput, short time, identification of microbial population structure and gene function. It also provides technical support for elucidating the relationship between vaginal microbiota and female reproductive tract diseases. This article mainly introduces the metagenomics techniques and their applications in prevention, screening and diagnosis of common female reproductive tract diseases, and discusses their promising development and limitations to be overcome.
近年来，许多研究发现阴道微生物群与女性生殖道疾病息息相关。但是，传统微生物培养技术存在培养周期长、大多数微生物无法培养的缺陷，宏基因组学技术的发展打破了培养技术的局限性，以高通量、耗时短、能鉴定微生物种群结构和基因功能等特点逐渐应用于阴道微生物研究，并为阐明阴道微生物群与女性生殖道疾病之间的关系提供了技术支撑。本文主要介绍目前常用的宏基因组学技术及其在预防、筛查和诊断女性常见生殖道疾病中的应用，同时讨论其广阔的发展前景和有待克服的局限性。.