Association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and sudden cardiac arrest in people with diabetes mellitus

Background: Dyslipidemia measured as low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol is an established risk factor of cardiovascular disease, which is more pronounced in diabetes population. Less is known about the association of LDL-cholesterol level and sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) risk in diabetes mellitus patients. This study investigated the association of LDL-cholesterol level and SCA risk in diabetes population.

Methods: This study was based on Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Patients who received general examination from 2009 to 2012 and diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus were analyzed. Primary outcome was defined as SCA event identified with International Classification of Disease code.

Results: A total of 2,602,577 patients were included, with total follow-up duration of 17,851,797 person * year. Mean follow-up duration was 6.86 years, and 26,341 SCA cases were identified. Overall incidence of SCA was highest in the lowest LDL-cholesterol group (< 70 mg/dL) and decreased in a linear manner as LDL-cholesterol rises, till 160 mg/dL. Adjustment of covariates resulted in U-shape association, with highest risk of SCA in the highest LDL-cholesterol group (≥ 160 mg/dL) followed by lowest LDL-cholesterol group (< 70 mg/dL). In subgroup analysis, U-shape association between SCA risk and LDL-cholesterol was more pronounced in male, non-obese people, and those who did not use statins.

Conclusions: In people with diabetes, the association between SCA and LDL-cholesterol level was U-shaped with highest and lowest LDL-cholesterol group having higher risk of SCA than others. Low LDL-cholesterol level can be a surrogate marker for increased risk of SCA in people with diabetes mellitus and this paradoxical association should be recognized and extended to clinical preventive measures.