Callous-unemotional Traits and Emotion Recognition Difficulties: Do Stimulus Characteristics Play a role?

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2024 Dec;55(6):1453-1462. doi: 10.1007/s10578-023-01510-3. Epub 2023 Feb 22.

Abstract

Emotion recognition difficulties are linked to callous-unemotional (CU) traits, which predict risk for severe antisocial behavior. However, few studies have investigated how stimulus characteristics influence emotion recognition performance, which could give insight into the mechanisms underpinning CU traits. To address this knowledge gap, children aged 7-10 years old (N = 45; 53% female, 47% male; 46.3% Black/African-American, 25.9% White, 16.7% Mixed race or Other, 9.3% Asian) completed an emotion recognition task featuring static facial stimuli from child and adult models and facial and full-body dynamic stimuli from adult models. Parents reported on CU traits of children in the sample. Children showed better emotion recognition for dynamic than static faces. Higher CU traits were associated with worse emotion recognition, particularly for sad and neutral expressions. Stimulus characteristics did not impact associations between CU traits and emotion recognition.

Keywords: Callous-unemotional traits; Conduct problems; Dynamic stimuli; Emotion recognition; Full-body stimuli.

MeSH terms

  • Antisocial Personality Disorder / physiopathology
  • Antisocial Personality Disorder / psychology
  • Child
  • Emotions* / physiology
  • Facial Expression*
  • Facial Recognition* / physiology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Recognition, Psychology / physiology
  • Social Perception