The spectrum concept of schizophrenia: evidence for a genetic-environmental continuum

J Psychiatr Res. 1987;21(3):257-67. doi: 10.1016/0022-3956(87)90027-6.

Abstract

Family data from 84 chronic schizophrenic, 11 schizotypal and 90 normal control probands were analyzed by multivariate-multifactorial genetic models using morbid risk statistics. The results were consistent with multifactorial inheritance whereby chronic schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder represent different phenotypic manifestations of the same underlying process; that is, the two disorders were found to have different thresholds on a single continuum of genetic-environmental liability. When subclassified according to Taylor and Abrams' criteria, chronic schizophrenic subjects who met these criteria (narrow schizophrenia) had a higher threshold of liability than those who did not (broad schizophrenia). The hypothesis of separate liabilities for the different disease states was rejected. Overall, the results suggest a gradation in multifactorial liability from schizotypal personality disorder (mild) to broad schizophrenia (moderate) to narrow schizophrenia (severe).

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Environment*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Models, Genetic
  • Risk Factors
  • Schizophrenia / diagnosis
  • Schizophrenia / genetics*
  • Schizotypal Personality Disorder / genetics