Implications of serial magnetic resonance imaging in the management of a newborn with vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation and a review of the relevant literature

Background: Despite advanced endovascular methods and comprehensive intensive care in the neonatal vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation, overall mortality ranges between 37-63% in treated patients with 37-50% of survivors possessing poor neurologic outcomes. These findings stress the need for more accurate and timely recognition of the patients who may and may not benefit from aggressive intervention.

Case: This case report presents a newborn with a vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation whom antenatal and postnatal follow-up included serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including diffusion-weighted series.

Conclusions: Given the experience from our current case and in light of the relevant literature, it is plausible that diffusion-weighted imaging studies may widen our perspective on dynamic ischemia and progressive injury occurring within the developing central nervous system of such patients. Meticulous identification of patients may favorably influence the clinical and parental decision on early delivery and prompt endovascular treatment versus aiding avoidance of further futile interventions both antenatally and postnatally.