Mini All-Suture Anchors for Repairing the Central Slip of the Extensor Tendon at the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint: A Biomechanical Investigation

J Hand Surg Am. 2024 Oct;49(10):1042.e1-1042.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2023.01.005. Epub 2023 Mar 3.

Abstract

Purpose: This study evaluated 1.0-mm mini suture anchors for repairing the central slip of the extensor mechanism at the proximal interphalangeal joint. Studies have reported a requirement for central slip fixation to withstand 15 N during postoperative rehabilitation exercises and 59 N during forceful contraction.

Methods: Index and middle fingers from 10 matched pairs of cadaveric hands were prepared with 1.0-mm mini suture anchors with 2-0 sutures or threaded with 2-0 sutures through a bone tunnel (BTP). In total, 10 index fingers from unmatched hands were prepared with suture anchors and fixed to the extensor tendons to evaluate the tendon/suture interface response. Each distal phalanx was secured to a servohydraulic testing machine, and ramped tensile loads were applied to suture or tendon until failure.

Results: All anchors for the all-suture bone tests failed because of pullout from the bone (Mean failure force = 52.5+/-17.3 N). Three anchors from the tendon-suture pull out test failed by pullout from the bone and seven failed at the tendon/suture interface (Mean failure force = 49.0+/-10.1 N).

Conclusions: The 1.0-mm mini suture anchor provides enough strength for early short-arc motion, but it may not be adequate for forceful contraction in the early postoperative rehabilitation stage.

Clinical relevance: The site of fixation, the type of anchor, and the type of suture used are key factors to consider for early range of motion, after surgery.

Keywords: Boutonniere deformity; JuggerKnot; central slip repair; proximal interphalangeal joint; suture anchor.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Biomechanical Phenomena
  • Cadaver*
  • Female
  • Finger Injuries / rehabilitation
  • Finger Injuries / surgery
  • Finger Joint* / physiopathology
  • Finger Joint* / surgery
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Suture Anchors*
  • Suture Techniques
  • Tendon Injuries* / rehabilitation
  • Tendon Injuries* / surgery
  • Tendons / surgery
  • Tensile Strength