Delineating Visual Habituation Profiles in Preschoolers with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Syndrome Study

J Autism Dev Disord. 2024 May;54(5):1998-2011. doi: 10.1007/s10803-023-05913-y. Epub 2023 Mar 6.

Abstract

Atypical habituation to repetitive information has been commonly reported in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) but it is not yet clear whether similar abnormalities are present in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1). We employed a cross-syndrome design using a novel eye tracking paradigm to measure habituation in preschoolers with NF1, children with idiopathic ASD and typically developing (TD) children. Eye movements were recorded to examine fixation duration to simultaneously presented repeating and novel stimuli. Children with NF1 showed a bias for longer look durations to repeating stimuli at the expense of novel stimuli, and slower habituation in NF1 was associated with elevated ASD traits. These findings could indicate aberrant modulation of bottom-up attentional networks that interact with the emergence of ASD phenotypes.

Keywords: Autism; Autistic traits; Eye-tracking; Habituation; Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

MeSH terms

  • Attention / physiology
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder* / physiopathology
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder* / psychology
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Eye Movements / physiology
  • Eye-Tracking Technology
  • Female
  • Habituation, Psychophysiologic* / physiology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Neurofibromatosis 1* / physiopathology
  • Neurofibromatosis 1* / psychology
  • Visual Perception / physiology