Objective: To explore the impact of socioeconomic status and productive aging on the frailty index of urban elderly population in China, and to provide reference for improving their health level.
Methods: We obtained data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) and included 1890 urban elderly people aged 60 and over in the study. Multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of the productive aging and the frailty index of the urban elderly population in China. A structural equation model was constructed to explore the relationship between socioeconomic status, productive aging, and frailty index.
Results: Elderly people with high socioeconomic status ( β=0.082, P<0.001) had higher level of productive aging. Elderly people with high socioeconomic status ( β=－0.091, P<0.001) and high level of productive aging ( β=－0.330, P<0.001) had lower frailty index. Productive aging played an intermediary role ( β=－0.259, 95% CI: －0.380--0.181) between socioeconomic status and frailty index.
Conclusion: The socioeconomic status and productive aging of the elderly people are important predictors of their frailty index. The government should exert its leadership functions to encourage the elderly, especially those with low education and income levels, to actively learn knowledge and skills, and to provide support for the elderly to participate in productive activities.
目的: 探讨社会经济地位和生产性老龄化对中国城市老人虚弱指数的影响，为提高其健康水平提供参考。
方法: 选用2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查数据，纳入60岁及以上城市老年人共1890人。运用多元线性回归模型分析中国城市老年人生产性老龄化与虚弱指数的影响因素，并构建结构方程模型探讨社会经济地位、生产性老龄化和虚弱指数的关系。
结果: 社会经济地位高（β=0.082，P<0.001）的老年人，生产性老龄化水平更高；社会经济地位高（β=−0.091，P<0.001）和生产性老龄化水平高（β=−0.330，P<0.001）的老年人，其虚弱指数更低；生产性老龄化在社会经济地位与虚弱指数之间起中介作用（β=−0.259，95%CI：−0.380～−0.181）。
结论: 老年人的社会经济地位和生产性老龄化是虚弱指数的重要预测因素，应发挥政府主导型功能，鼓励老年人尤其是教育和收入水平低的老年人积极学习知识与技能，为老年人参与生产性活动提供支持。
Keywords: Elderly; Frailty index; Productive aging; Socioeconomic status; Structural equation model.
Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).